{"id":20311,"date":"2020-02-01T00:01:52","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T03:01:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/?p=20311"},"modified":"2020-02-03T17:05:32","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T20:05:32","slug":"goethe-barometer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/02\/01\/goethe-barometer\/","title":{"rendered":"Goethe Barometer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:40% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"621\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF093_1-621x1024.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-9879\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF093_1-621x1024.jpg 621w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF093_1-182x300.jpg 182w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF093_1-768x1267.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF093_1-205x338.jpg 205w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF093_1.jpg 1524w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 621px) 100vw, 621px\"><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta pe\u00e7a feita intei\u00adra\u00admente de vidro \u00e9 um bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro \u201cmolhado\u201d de com\u00adpa\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, ou seja, serve para medir vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es na press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica a partir da dife\u00adren\u00e7a de altura de um l\u00edquido na esfera e no bra\u00e7o lateral. A partir da per\u00adcep\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica, \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00ed\u00advel prever alte\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es no clima como vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de tem\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adtura e&nbsp;chuva.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">Funcionamento<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ao encher a esfera at\u00e9 a metade com \u00e1gua, a infor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica momen\u00adt\u00e2\u00adnea fica arma\u00adze\u00adnada. A partir deste momento, qual\u00adquer leitura da dife\u00adren\u00e7a de altura entre a \u00e1gua da esfera e do bra\u00e7o resulta na dife\u00adren\u00e7a de press\u00e3o com\u00adpa\u00adrada ao momento em que o bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro foi preparado.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica est\u00e1 rela\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnada com eventos cli\u00adm\u00e1\u00adti\u00adcos. Quando o clima esquenta a press\u00e3o diminui e o movi\u00admento ascen\u00addente do ar leva humi\u00addade para o c\u00e9u, havendo for\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de n\u00favens e pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade de chuva. Quando a tem\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adtura diminui, ocorre o con\u00adtr\u00e1\u00adrio, aumen\u00adtando a press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica. O v\u00eddeo a seguir apre\u00adsenta uma expli\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o sobre as rela\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es entre press\u00e3o, tem\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adtura, vento e&nbsp;chuva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Press\u00e3o Atmosf\u00e9rica - Geografia - Artur Bergelt - Instant\u00e2neo\" width=\"1400\" height=\"788\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zYoe-ezD97c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Hist\u00f3ria<\/strong> dos bar\u00f4metros<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A inven\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o dos bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtros (medi\u00addo\u00adres de press\u00e3o) se loca\u00adliza no s\u00e9culo 17. H\u00e1 regis\u00adtros de que, no ano de 1630, o ita\u00adli\u00adano Giovan Bat\u00adtista Baliani trocou cartas com Galileo Galilei. Nestas cartas, Baliani relata ter cons\u00adtruido um sif\u00e3o para trans\u00adpor\u00adtar \u00e1gua sobre uma colina de 21 metros de altura, mas a \u00e1gua n\u00e3o teria pre\u00aden\u00adchido o sif\u00e3o e este n\u00e3o teria funcionado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nesta \u00e9poca, ainda era vigente o pos\u00adtu\u00adlado aris\u00adto\u00adt\u00e9\u00adlico de que a \u201cnatu\u00adreza abomina o v\u00e1cuo\u201d. Este pos\u00adtu\u00adlado dizia que a exis\u00adt\u00ean\u00adcia do v\u00e1cuo era impos\u00ads\u00ed\u00advel porque este puxaria a mat\u00e9ria a sua volta para se pre\u00aden\u00adcher, dei\u00adxando de existir. Seguindo este raci\u00ado\u00adc\u00ed\u00adnio, seria pos\u00ads\u00ed\u00advel uti\u00adli\u00adzar uma bomba de suc\u00e7\u00e3o para criar um sif\u00e3o.  Inves\u00adti\u00adgando o caso de Baliani, Galileo reparou que a \u00e1gua n\u00e3o subiria mais do que 11m (metros) puxada por uma bomba de suc\u00e7\u00e3o. A partir das suas inves\u00adti\u00adga\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, Galileo prop\u00f4s que o v\u00e1cuo s\u00f3 teria for\u00e7a para elevar a \u00e1gua at\u00e9 11m, con\u00adcor\u00addando com Aris\u00adt\u00f3\u00adte\u00adles mas defi\u00adnindo um limite de vali\u00addade do seu pos\u00adtu\u00adlado e criando o con\u00adceito de \u201cresis\u00adt\u00ean\u00adcia do&nbsp;v\u00e1cuo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estas ideias teriam chegado aos ouvidos de Raf\u00adfa\u00adele Magi\u00adotti e Gasparo Berti, em Roma, e estes ten\u00adta\u00adram pro\u00addu\u00adzir v\u00e1cuo a partir de outros meca\u00adnis\u00admos que n\u00e3o um sif\u00e3o. Entre os anos de 1639 e 1641, eles rea\u00adli\u00adza\u00adram um expe\u00adri\u00admento com um tubo com\u00adprido, pre\u00aden\u00adchido com \u00e1gua e fechado dos dois lados; este tubo era colo\u00adcado de p\u00e9 com uma das extre\u00admi\u00adda\u00addes mer\u00adgu\u00adlha\u00addas em um corpo de \u00e1gua e esta extre\u00admi\u00addade era aberta. Parte da \u00e1gua escor\u00adria para fora do tubo, mas ainda se man\u00adti\u00adnha neste uma coluna de 10,3m de \u00e1gua, altura similar \u00e0quela obtida por Galileo. Como a outra extre\u00admi\u00addade ainda estava fechada e sem contato com a atmos\u00adfera, foi obser\u00advado que dentro do tubo, acima da \u00e1gua, haveria v\u00e1cuo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evan\u00adge\u00adlista Tor\u00adri\u00adcelli, a quem \u00e9 atri\u00adbu\u00edda a inven\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o do bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro, prop\u00f4s uma expli\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o dife\u00adrente. A revo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o pro\u00adposta por Tor\u00adri\u00adcelli foi a sua inter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, reve\u00adlada em carta a Miche\u00adlan\u00adgelo Ricci e datada de 1644. Nesta carta ele prop\u00f5e que n\u00e3o seria o v\u00e1cuo dentro do tubo que puxava o l\u00edquido para cima, mas o peso do ar da atmos\u00adfera que empur\u00adrava o l\u00edquido para dentro do tubo, exer\u00adcendo for\u00e7a sufi\u00adci\u00adente para segurar a coluna de \u00e1gua. A pro\u00adposta de Tor\u00adri\u00adcelli via este expe\u00adri\u00admento de man\u00adteira similar a uma balan\u00e7a e isso foi revo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adria porque nesta \u00e9poca se con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrava que o ar n\u00e3o tinha&nbsp;peso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para seus expe\u00adri\u00admen\u00adtos, Tor\u00adri\u00adcelli uti\u00adli\u00adzou um meca\u00adnismo an\u00e1logo ao de Magi\u00adotti e Berti com mer\u00adc\u00fa\u00adrio ao inv\u00e9s de \u00e1gua. O mer\u00adc\u00fa\u00adrio possui den\u00adsi\u00addade apro\u00adxi\u00adma\u00adda\u00admente 13,6 vezes maior que a da \u00e1gua e, por isso, per\u00admi\u00adtiu o uso de um tubo com menos de 1m. Com este expe\u00adri\u00admento con\u00adtro\u00adlado, Tor\u00adri\u00adcelli per\u00adce\u00adbeu que a coluna de mer\u00adc\u00fa\u00adrio que n\u00e3o se esvaiu do tubo era de 76cm (cen\u00adt\u00ed\u00adme\u00adtros) de altura, valor con\u00addi\u00adzente com a dife\u00adren\u00e7a de den\u00adsi\u00addade entre a \u00e1gua e o merc\u00fario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seguindo as ideias de Tor\u00adri\u00adcelli, Blaise Pascal aper\u00adfei\u00ad\u00e7oou o bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro e rea\u00adli\u00adzou mais expe\u00adri\u00admen\u00adtos. Ele previu que a altura da coluna de mer\u00adc\u00fa\u00adrio seria dife\u00adrente em dife\u00adren\u00adtes alti\u00adtu\u00addes e soli\u00adci\u00adtou que seu irm\u00e3o rea\u00adli\u00adzasse o mesmo expe\u00adri\u00admento sobre a mon\u00adta\u00adnha Puy de D\u00f4me, com 1,4km de alti\u00adtude. Como pre\u00advisto por Pascal, a altura da coluna de mer\u00adc\u00fa\u00adrio foi menor no alto da mon\u00adta\u00adnha, pro\u00advando que o ar possui massa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:left\">  Pes\u00adquisa: Gabriel Cury Perrone; F\u00edsico UFRGS \/ Janeiro 2020&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/amlef\/amlef093-barometro-de-goethe-esfera-do-tempo\/\">+ infor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Esta pe\u00e7a feita intei\u00adra\u00admente de vidro \u00e9 um bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro \u201cmolhado\u201d de com\u00adpa\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, ou seja, serve para medir vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es na press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica a partir da dife\u00adren\u00e7a de altura de um l\u00edquido na esfera e no bra\u00e7o lateral. A partir da per\u00adcep\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica, \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00ed\u00advel prever alte\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es no clima como vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[481],"tags":[500],"class_list":["post-20311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-highlights","tag-metrologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Goethe Barometer - Museu dos Laborat\u00f3rios de Ensino de F\u00edsica - Em Transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/02\/01\/goethe-barometer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Goethe Barometer - Museu dos Laborat\u00f3rios de Ensino de F\u00edsica - Em Transi\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Esta pe\u00e7a feita intei\u00adra\u00admente de vidro \u00e9 um bar\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro \u201cmolhado\u201d de com\u00adpa\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, ou seja, serve para medir vari\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es na press\u00e3o atmos\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrica a partir da dife\u00adren\u00e7a de altura de um l\u00edquido na esfera e no bra\u00e7o lateral. 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