{"id":20322,"date":"2020-03-01T00:01:48","date_gmt":"2020-03-01T03:01:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/?p=20322"},"modified":"2020-04-03T18:01:10","modified_gmt":"2020-04-03T21:01:10","slug":"maquina-a-vapor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1quina a Vapor \u2014 um modelo de Usina T\u00e9rmica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:51% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"895\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-895x1024.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-20464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-895x1024.jpg 895w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-262x300.jpg 262w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-768x878.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-205x234.jpg 205w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01.jpg 1905w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 895px) 100vw, 895px\"><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este objeto \u00e9 um ins\u00adtru\u00admento de demons\u00adtra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de\nm\u00e1quina a vapor cl\u00e1s\u00adsica. De maneira sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adcada, este modelo con\u00adsiste em uma\ncal\u00addeira conec\u00adtada a um meca\u00adnismo com pist\u00e3o que trans\u00adforma o fluxo de vapor em\nmovi\u00admento das&nbsp;pe\u00e7as.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta m\u00e1quina pode ser divi\u00addida em partes para faci\u00adli\u00adtar o enten\u00addi\u00admento. A for\u00adna\u00adlha \u00e9 o espa\u00e7o onde o com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel \u00e9 quei\u00admado, gerando o calor que aquece a cal\u00addeira. Sobre a for\u00adna\u00adlha encon\u00adtra-se a cal\u00addeira, onde a \u00e1gua \u00e9 trans\u00adfor\u00admada em vapor que, por sua vez \u00e9 levado sob press\u00e3o para o cilin\u00addro. Dentro do cilin\u00addro h\u00e1 o pist\u00e3o, pe\u00e7a m\u00f3vel que \u00e9 empur\u00adrada cicli\u00adca\u00admente para a frente e para tr\u00e1s pela press\u00e3o do vapor e leva o movi\u00admento \u00e0s rodas e ao gover\u00adna\u00addor cen\u00adtr\u00ed\u00adfugo. Este \u00faltimo \u00e9 um meca\u00adnismo que, de acordo com a velo\u00adci\u00addade de giro das massas, con\u00adtrola a admis\u00ads\u00e3o do vapor no cilin\u00addro, ace\u00adle\u00adrando ou freando o movimento.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Como funciona uma locomotiva - How A Steam Locomotive Works\" width=\"1400\" height=\"788\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9CaQfq05GLo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Este v\u00eddeo mostra, de maneira did\u00e1\u00adtica e sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adcada, o fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento de uma locomotiva.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> O motor, pro\u00adpri\u00ada\u00admente dito, \u00e9 a parte mec\u00e2\u00adnica que utiliza o vapor sob  press\u00e3o para gerar movi\u00admento. Houve diver\u00adsos modelos de motores a vapor,  mas o modelo repre\u00adsen\u00adtado por este objeto \u00e9 o Motor Alter\u00adna\u00adtivo.  Neste modelo, uma v\u00e1lvula m\u00f3vel alterna o lado de admis\u00ads\u00e3o e exaus\u00adt\u00e3o do  vapor dentro do cilin\u00addro, fazendo com que a exaus\u00adt\u00e3o seja for\u00e7ada  devido \u00e0 admis\u00ads\u00e3o de vapor do outro lado do cilindro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Steam_engine_in_action_half_speed-1.gif\" alt class=\"wp-image-20488\"><figcaption> By Panther \u2014 Steam engine in action.gif, CC BY-SA 3.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=79000149 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\u00c9 inte\u00adres\u00adsante ana\u00adli\u00adsar como a energia se trans\u00adforma ao longo do \npro\u00adcesso da m\u00e1quina. A queima de um com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel con\u00adverte energia qu\u00edmica\n do mate\u00adrial em energia t\u00e9rmica, que causa a eva\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o e expan\u00ads\u00e3o da \n\u00e1gua da cal\u00addeira, que move o pist\u00e3o e pos\u00adte\u00adri\u00ador\u00admente as rodas da \nm\u00e1quina, se con\u00adver\u00adtendo em energia mec\u00e2\u00adnica. Este \u00e9 o prin\u00adc\u00ed\u00adpio das \nusinas t\u00e9rmicas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">Usinas t\u00e9rmicas nos dias de&nbsp;hoje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As m\u00e1qui\u00adnas a vapor revo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adram o mundo a partir do\ns\u00e9culo XVIII. A inven\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o destas m\u00e1qui\u00adnas criou alter\u00adna\u00adti\u00advas con\u00adfi\u00e1\u00adveis aos\nsis\u00adte\u00admas ante\u00adri\u00ado\u00adres de fonte de tra\u00adba\u00adlho. As prin\u00adci\u00adpais fontes de tra\u00adba\u00adlho eram\na tra\u00e7\u00e3o animal e a energia dos ventos, como em barcos \u00e0 vela ou cata-ventos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando falamos em m\u00e1qui\u00adnas a vapor, o pri\u00admeiro exemplo\n\u00e9 sempre o da loco\u00admo\u00adtiva, mas \u00e9 impor\u00adtante per\u00adce\u00adber que a revo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o destas\nm\u00e1qui\u00adnas que geram movi\u00admento a partir da queima de com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel n\u00e3o se resumem\nao trans\u00adporte. As pri\u00admei\u00adras m\u00e1qui\u00adnas a vapor eram esta\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrias e uti\u00adli\u00adza\u00addas\npara bombear \u00e1gua, e os mesmos prin\u00adc\u00ed\u00adpios foram uti\u00adli\u00adza\u00addos em maqui\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios\nindus\u00adtri\u00adais. A inven\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o e uti\u00adli\u00adza\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1qui\u00adnas a vapor foi extre\u00adma\u00admente\nimpor\u00adtante para a 1\u00aa Revo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoje em dia, o prin\u00adc\u00ed\u00adpio das m\u00e1qui\u00adnas a vapor ainda \u00e9 muito uti\u00adli\u00adzado. As usinas ter\u00admo\u00ade\u00adl\u00e9\u00adtri\u00adcas e de fiss\u00e3o nuclear uti\u00adli\u00adzam a queima de com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel ou a emiss\u00e3o de radi\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, res\u00adpec\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente, como forma de aquecer a \u00e1gua de uma cal\u00addeira e gerar vapor sob press\u00e3o. O vapor \u00e9 uti\u00adli\u00adzado para mover as tur\u00adbi\u00adnas de gera\u00addo\u00adres el\u00e9\u00adtri\u00adcos que con\u00adver\u00adtem o movi\u00admento das tur\u00adbi\u00adnas em energia el\u00e9\u00adtrica. Os motores \u00e0 com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00e3o interna, como os dos carros, foram uma nova revo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o. Nestes o com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel \u00e9 o mesmo mate\u00adrial que se expande e gera o movi\u00admento dos pist\u00f5es, mas o prin\u00adc\u00ed\u00adpio da m\u00e1quina t\u00e9rmica \u00e9 o mesmo desde&nbsp;1800.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"text-align:left\">  Pes\u00adquisa: Gabriel Cury Perrone; F\u00edsico UFRGS \/ Feve\u00adreiro&nbsp;2020&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/amlef\/amlef094-principio-de-usina-termica\/\">+ infor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este objeto \u00e9 um ins\u00adtru\u00admento de demons\u00adtra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o&nbsp;de m\u00e1quina a vapor cl\u00e1s\u00adsica. De maneira sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adcada, este modelo con\u00adsiste em&nbsp;uma cal\u00addeira conec\u00adtada a um meca\u00adnismo com pist\u00e3o que trans\u00adforma o fluxo de vapor&nbsp;em movi\u00admento das&nbsp;pe\u00e7as. Esta m\u00e1quina pode ser divi\u00addida em partes para faci\u00adli\u00adtar o enten\u00addi\u00admento. A for\u00adna\u00adlha \u00e9 o espa\u00e7o onde o com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel \u00e9 quei\u00admado, gerando&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[432],"tags":[504],"class_list":["post-20322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-destaques","tag-termodinamica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u00e1quina a Vapor - um modelo de Usina T\u00e9rmica - Museu dos Laborat\u00f3rios de Ensino de F\u00edsica - Em Transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00e1quina a Vapor - um modelo de Usina T\u00e9rmica - Museu dos Laborat\u00f3rios de Ensino de F\u00edsica - Em Transi\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este objeto \u00e9 um ins\u00adtru\u00admento de demons\u00adtra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o&nbsp;de m\u00e1quina a vapor cl\u00e1s\u00adsica. De maneira sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adcada, este modelo con\u00adsiste em&nbsp;uma cal\u00addeira conec\u00adtada a um meca\u00adnismo com pist\u00e3o que trans\u00adforma o fluxo de vapor&nbsp;em movi\u00admento das&nbsp;pe\u00e7as. Esta m\u00e1quina pode ser divi\u00addida em partes para faci\u00adli\u00adtar o enten\u00addi\u00admento. A for\u00adna\u00adlha \u00e9 o espa\u00e7o onde o com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel \u00e9 quei\u00admado, gerando [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Museu dos Laborat\u00f3rios de Ensino de F\u00edsica - Em Transi\u00e7\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AMLEF.IF.UFRGS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-01T03:01:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-04-03T21:01:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-895x1024.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Gabriel Cury Perrone\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Gabriel Cury Perrone\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Gabriel Cury Perrone\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/#\/schema\/person\/d37d45b75942c3447facb58bbabe8a30\"},\"headline\":\"M\u00e1quina a Vapor \u2014 um modelo de Usina T\u00e9rmica\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-03-01T03:01:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-04-03T21:01:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/\"},\"wordCount\":618,\"commentCount\":4,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-895x1024.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Termodin\u00e2mica\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Destaques\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/\",\"name\":\"M\u00e1quina a Vapor - 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De maneira sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adcada, este modelo con\u00adsiste em&nbsp;uma cal\u00addeira conec\u00adtada a um meca\u00adnismo com pist\u00e3o que trans\u00adforma o fluxo de vapor&nbsp;em movi\u00admento das&nbsp;pe\u00e7as. Esta m\u00e1quina pode ser divi\u00addida em partes para faci\u00adli\u00adtar o enten\u00addi\u00admento. A for\u00adna\u00adlha \u00e9 o espa\u00e7o onde o com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00advel \u00e9 quei\u00admado, gerando [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/","og_site_name":"Museu dos Laborat\u00f3rios de Ensino de F\u00edsica - Em Transi\u00e7\u00e3o","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AMLEF.IF.UFRGS","article_published_time":"2020-03-01T03:01:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-04-03T21:01:10+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-895x1024.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Gabriel Cury Perrone","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Gabriel Cury Perrone","Est. tempo de leitura":"3 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/"},"author":{"name":"Gabriel Cury Perrone","@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/#\/schema\/person\/d37d45b75942c3447facb58bbabe8a30"},"headline":"M\u00e1quina a Vapor \u2014 um modelo de Usina T\u00e9rmica","datePublished":"2020-03-01T03:01:48+00:00","dateModified":"2020-04-03T21:01:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/"},"wordCount":618,"commentCount":4,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/tainacan-items\/16153\/482\/AMLEF_094_01-895x1024.jpg","keywords":["Termodin\u00e2mica"],"articleSection":["Destaques"],"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/03\/01\/maquina-a-vapor\/","name":"M\u00e1quina a Vapor - 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