{"id":27351,"date":"2020-12-21T00:01:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T03:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/?p=27351"},"modified":"2020-12-20T23:32:08","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T02:32:08","slug":"galvanometro-balistico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/2020\/12\/21\/galvanometro-balistico\/","title":{"rendered":"Galvan\u00f4metro Bal\u00edstico"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Esquema.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-27352\" width=\"162\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Esquema.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Esquema-172x300.jpg 172w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Esquema-205x357.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 162px) 100vw, 162px\"><figcaption>Figura 1: desenho esquem\u00e1tico.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro Bal\u00eds\u00adtico \u00e9 um ins\u00adtru\u00admento de quadro m\u00f3vel des\u00adti\u00adnado \u00e0 medi\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas el\u00e9\u00adtri\u00adcas a partir da detec\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de uma cor\u00adrente. \u00c9 inte\u00adres\u00adsante per\u00adce\u00adber que o refe\u00adrido ins\u00adtru\u00admento possui uma pro\u00adposta de medi\u00e7\u00e3o dife\u00adrente dos gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtros vistos at\u00e9 agora: enquanto aqueles medem a inten\u00adsi\u00addade da cor\u00adrente el\u00e9\u00adtrica pas\u00adsante, esse mede a carga el\u00e9\u00adtrica a partir da cor\u00adrente que&nbsp;flui.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cons\u00adtru\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o dos gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtros bal\u00eds\u00adti\u00adcos \u00e9 similar \u00e0quela dos gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtros comuns, espe\u00adci\u00adal\u00admente o de d\u2019Arsonval. Con\u00adforme pode ser visu\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzado na figura 1, uma bobina \u00e9 sus\u00adpensa entre os polos de um \u00edm\u00e3 per\u00adma\u00adnente, em formato de fer\u00adra\u00addura; no inte\u00adrior da bobina est\u00e1 situado um n\u00facleo de ferro cil\u00edn\u00addrico (1), de modo a aumen\u00adtar o fluxo mag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtico no v\u00e3o entre os polos e, somando-se ao peso fixado \u00e0 bobina (2), aumen\u00adtar o momento de in\u00e9rcia do sistema. Inte\u00adres\u00adsante des\u00adta\u00adcar o pequeno espelho (3), cuja uti\u00adli\u00addade con\u00adsiste em refle\u00adtir o feixe de luz numa escala externa, ser\u00advindo como m\u00e9todo de medi\u00e7\u00e3o e defi\u00adnindo este como um Gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro de Espelho.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Quando cor\u00adrente \u00e9 passada pela bobina, ocorre uma defle\u00adx\u00e3o; a ampli\u00adtude desta \u00e9 pro\u00adpor\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnal \u00e0 carga <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\inline&amp;space;q\" alt=\"\\inline q\" align=\"absmiddle\"> pas\u00adsando pela bobina. De acordo com o seguinte <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stpius.ac.in\/crm\/assets\/download\/Practical_paper-2_-_Continued.pdf\">roteiro<\/a> pr\u00e1tico, da Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade St. Pius, a carga total que passa pela bobina \u00e9 cal\u00adcu\u00adlada por:<br><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?q=\\frac{TC\\Theta&amp;space;}{2\\pi&amp;space;NAB}\\,&amp;space;,\" alt=\"q=\\frac{TC\\Theta }{2\\pi NAB}\\, ,\" align=\"absmiddle\">onde <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?T\" alt=\"T\" align=\"absmiddle\"> \u00e9 o per\u00edodo de osci\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?C\" alt=\"C\" align=\"absmiddle\"> \u00e9 a cons\u00adtante de tor\u00e7\u00e3o, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\Theta\" alt=\"\\Theta\" align=\"absmiddle\"> \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo de tor\u00e7\u00e3o, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?N\" alt=\"N\" align=\"absmiddle\"> o n\u00famero de voltas da espira, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?A\" alt=\"A\" align=\"absmiddle\"> \u00e9 a \u00e1rea da se\u00e7\u00e3o retan\u00adgu\u00adlar da espira e <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?B\" alt=\"B\" align=\"absmiddle\"> o campo mag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtico do \u00edm\u00e3. Podemos sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adcar a equa\u00e7\u00e3o acima agru\u00adpando <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\frac{TC}{2\\pi&amp;space;NAB}\" alt=\"\\frac{TC}{2\\pi NAB}\" align=\"absmiddle\"> em um termo somente, deno\u00admi\u00adnado <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?K\" alt=\"K\" align=\"absmiddle\">. Dessa forma temos: <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?q=K\\Theta\" alt=\"q=K\\Theta\" align=\"absmiddle\">, onde <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?K\" alt=\"K\" align=\"absmiddle\"> \u00e9 deno\u00admi\u00adnado fator de redu\u00e7\u00e3o bal\u00edstico.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF084-652x1024.jpg\" alt class=\"wp-image-9829\" width=\"287\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF084-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF084-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF084-768x1207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF084-205x322.jpg 205w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AMLEF084.jpg 1840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\"><figcaption>Figura 2: item <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/amlef\/amlef084-galvanometro-balistico\/\">084 <\/a>do acervo AMLEF.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante o pro\u00adcesso de medi\u00e7\u00e3o, a des\u00adcarga el\u00e9\u00adtrica \u00e9 com\u00adple\u00adtada antes de qual\u00adquer defle\u00adx\u00e3o apre\u00adci\u00e1\u00advel do sistema ocorrer; por se tratar de um acon\u00adte\u00adci\u00admento muito r\u00e1pido, pode-se uti\u00adli\u00adzar a expres\u00ads\u00e3o \u201cpulso de cor\u00adrente\u201d, no entanto, o sistema j\u00e1 adqui\u00adriu velo\u00adci\u00addade. Mesmo ap\u00f3s esse pulso cessar, a velo\u00adci\u00addade adqui\u00adrida con\u00adti\u00adnua a ter efeito no gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro por causa da in\u00e9rcia, fazendo com que ele con\u00adti\u00adnue o movi\u00admento ser freado e, ent\u00e3o, retor\u00adnar \u00e0 posi\u00e7\u00e3o inicial. Essa carac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adtica permite a leitura do valor indi\u00adcado mesmo que o pulso dure um tempo muito pequeno, pois aumenta o per\u00edodo de osci\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o do espelho e pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adlita a sua leitura. Por essa raz\u00e3o, o sistema m\u00f3vel desse gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro deve possuir um elevado momento de in\u00e9rcia, o que \u00e9 obtido atrav\u00e9s da inser\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00facleo ferroso bem como ao prender-se um pequeno peso \u00e0 bobina; seu prin\u00adc\u00ed\u00adpio de fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento se asse\u00adme\u00adlha, dessa forma, ao de um <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/glossario\/pendulo-balistico-2\/?perpage=12&amp;order=ASC&amp;orderby=title&amp;search=Bal%C3%ADstico&amp;pos=0&amp;source_list=collection&amp;ref=%2Famlef%2Fglossario%2F\">P\u00eandulo Bal\u00eds\u00adtico<\/a>, sendo jus\u00adta\u00admente esse o motivo pelo qual o ins\u00adtru\u00admento leva o nome de Gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro Bal\u00edstico.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando a bobina gira no campo mag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtico, uma For\u00e7a Ele\u00adtro\u00admo\u00adtriz \u00e9 indu\u00adzida atrav\u00e9s da bobina, de acordo com a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/glossario\/lei-de-lenz\/?perpage=12&amp;order=ASC&amp;orderby=title&amp;search=Lenz&amp;pos=0&amp;source_list=collection&amp;ref=%2Famlef%2Fglossario%2F\">Lei de Lenz<\/a>; esta op\u00f5e-se ao movi\u00admento da bobina e \u00e9 conhe\u00adcida como amor\u00adte\u00adci\u00admento ele\u00adtro\u00admag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtico. Para mini\u00admi\u00adzar esse efeito, a bobina deve ser enro\u00adlada numa arma\u00e7\u00e3o de madeira e a sus\u00adpen\u00ads\u00e3o inteira \u00e9 enclau\u00adsu\u00adrada num inv\u00f3\u00adlu\u00adcro met\u00e1\u00adlico. O aparato inteiro \u00e9 ent\u00e3o envol\u00advido em uma c\u00e1psula para evitar dis\u00adt\u00far\u00adbios exter\u00adnos. A con\u00adfi\u00adgu\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o externa dos Gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtros Bal\u00eds\u00adti\u00adcos asse\u00adme\u00adlha-se \u00e0 figura 2, refe\u00adrente ao item <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/amlef\/amlef\/amlef084-galvanometro-balistico\/\">084 do acervo do AMLEF<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> O gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro bal\u00eds\u00adtico tamb\u00e9m pode ser uti\u00adli\u00adzado na medi\u00e7\u00e3o de campos mag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adti\u00adcos uni\u00adfor\u00admes \u2014 por meio de uma bobina conec\u00adtada ao gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro, que gira meia volta dentro do campo mag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtico uni\u00adforme a ser medido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-heading\"><strong>Daniel Zorrer \/ Equipe AMLEF&nbsp;2020<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Saiba Mais:<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quer ver como um Gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro Bal\u00eds\u00adtico fun\u00adci\u00adona e ao mesmo tempo pra\u00adti\u00adcar ingl\u00eas? D\u00e1 uma olhada nesse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9-l04iP5zwU\">v\u00eddeo<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Refer\u00eancias<\/strong>:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/worldradiohistory.com\/Archive-Other-Documments\/Archive-Audels-Electric\/Audels-Electric-Library-III.pdf\">New Elec\u00adtric Library<\/a>, volume 3.<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.engineeringdone.com\/electrical-electronic-test-devices\/ballistic-galvanometer\/\">Bal\u00adlis\u00adtic Gal\u00adva\u00adno\u00adme\u00adter<\/a>, por engineeringdone.com<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sc.ehu.es\/sbweb\/fisica_\/elecmagnet\/faraday\/medida_campo\/medida_campo.html\">Medida de la inten\u00adsi\u00addade del campo mag\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtico<\/a>, por Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addad del Pais&nbsp;Vasco<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sc.ehu.es\/sbweb\/fisica\/elecmagnet\/campo_magnetico\/galvanometro\/galvanometro.htm\">El gal\u00adva\u00adn\u00f3\u00adme\u00adtro<\/a>, por Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addad del Pais&nbsp;Vasco<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.historische-messtechnik.de\/passive-messgeraete\/galvanometer\/ballistische-galvanometer\/index.html\">Bal\u00adlis\u00adti\u00adche Gal\u00adva\u00adno\u00adme\u00adter<\/a>, por http:\/\/www.historische-messtechnik.de<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/freelyelectrons.blogspot.com\/2019\/10\/ballistic-galvanometer-working.html\">Bal\u00adlis\u00adtic Gal\u00adva\u00adno\u00adme\u00adter<\/a>, por freelyelectrons.blogspot.com<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sc.ehu.es\/sbweb\/fisica_\/elecmagnet\/faraday\/medida_campo\/medida_campo.html\">Campos depen\u00addi\u00aden\u00adtes del tiempo<\/a>, por Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addad del Pais&nbsp;Vasco<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/engineeringslab.com\/tutorial_electrical\/ballistic-galvanometer-1566.htm\">Bal\u00adlis\u00adtic Gal\u00adva\u00adno\u00adme\u00adter<\/a>, por engineeringslab.com<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O Gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtro Bal\u00eds\u00adtico \u00e9 um ins\u00adtru\u00admento de quadro m\u00f3vel des\u00adti\u00adnado \u00e0 medi\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas el\u00e9\u00adtri\u00adcas a partir da detec\u00ad\u00e7\u00e3o de uma cor\u00adrente. \u00c9 inte\u00adres\u00adsante per\u00adce\u00adber que o refe\u00adrido ins\u00adtru\u00admento possui uma pro\u00adposta de medi\u00e7\u00e3o dife\u00adrente dos gal\u00advan\u00f4\u00adme\u00adtros vistos at\u00e9 agora: enquanto aqueles medem a inten\u00adsi\u00addade da cor\u00adrente el\u00e9\u00adtrica pas\u00adsante, esse mede a carga el\u00e9\u00adtrica&nbsp;a&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[432,514],"tags":[415,527,518,528],"class_list":["post-27351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-destaques","category-exposicaogalvanometros","tag-eletromagnetismo","tag-galvanometro","tag-historia-eletromagnetismo","tag-instrumentacao"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - 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