CHEMICAL CAUSES : PORIFERA
 

Cryptotheca crypta (a.k.a. Caribbean sponge)

=> C-nucleosides spongouridine and spongothymidine, precursors for cytarabine

Demospongiae

• Ceractinomorpha
• Halichondrida
• Halichondriidae
• Halichondria
• Halichondria okadai

=> okadaic acid (OA) completely inhibits PP2A at nM concentrations and PP1 at 1 mM. PP2B is significantly inhibited only at concentrations above 1 mM.

• Tetractinomorpha
• Astrophorida
• Coppatiidae
• Jaspis
• Jaspis johnstoni (a.k.a. Vioa johnstoni)

=> jasplakinolide : it is a macrocyclic peptide that induces actin polymerization
• Theonellidae
• Discodermia
• Discodermia calyx

=> calyculin A inhibits PP2A

•  Hadromerida
• Latrunculidae
• Negombata
• Negombata magnifica

=> latrunculin A binds to monomeric G-actin in a 1:1 ratio at submicromolar concentrations and disassembles F-actin.
=> latrunculin B binds to monomeric G-actin in a 1:1 ratio at submicromolar concentrations and disassembles F-actin.
=> 16-epi-latrunculin B binds to monomeric G-actin in a 1:1 ratio at submicromolar concentrations and disassembles F-actin.

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