{"id":104948,"date":"2025-01-23T07:20:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-23T10:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/?p=104948"},"modified":"2025-01-16T08:20:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T11:20:05","slug":"a-study-on-the-effects-of-congenital-zika-virus-syndrome-in-rats-may-support-new-therapeutic-strategies-for-humans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/a-study-on-the-effects-of-congenital-zika-virus-syndrome-in-rats-may-support-new-therapeutic-strategies-for-humans\/","title":{"rendered":"A study on the effects of congenital Zika virus syndrome in rats may support new therapeutic strategies for humans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Health | Research shows that, in newborn rats, the virus causes changes in developmental milestones and in the blood-brain barrier that protects the nervous system<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:10px\"><em>*By&nbsp;Alexandre Briozo Gomes Filho<br>*First published July 14. 2022<br>*Photo: Fl\u00e1vio Dutra\/JU archive April 9, 2020<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On November 15, 2015, the Ministry of Health recognized the Zika virus outbreak as a National Health Emergency, with the largest concentration occurred in the Northeast \u2013 mainly in poor and peripheral neighborhoods, places without basic sanitation that facilitate the proliferation of the virus vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The period coincided with the significant increase in cases of fetal microcephaly (brain malformation in the prenatal period), and for some time this coincidence was not officially associated with the occurrences of microcephaly, despite health surveillance in the region having signaled causality between the virus and the condition. In 2015 alone, 2,782 cases and 40 deaths were recorded from microcephaly. Later, with the efforts of both local and foreign scientists, causality was confirmed through laboratory research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the containment of the Zika virus outbreak and the reduction in cases of microcephaly, the research on the topic has not ceased, on the contrary: it has been moving towards new answers. This is the case of a <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37146656\/\"><u>study by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), published in the journal <\/u><em><u>Brain, Behavior and Immunity<\/u><\/em><\/a>, which observed that the virus poses after-effects which go beyond microcephaly, not only in humans but also in rats. The researchers detected that the presence of the virus in the rats&#8217; bodies caused changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structure that prevents the passage of substances from the blood to the central nervous system. This change is associated with the oxidative stress noted in these animals due to contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important changes for their survival were also noted in the newborns&#8217; developmental milestones. The clinical identification of these effects in rats \u2013 despite having previously been identified in humans \u2013 is important so that the animal model can serve as a source of study for this pathology and support future treatments. The study was carried out by researchers from the Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS) at UFRGS, the Federal University of Pelotas, and the Institute of Cardiology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From methods to results<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe proposed to inoculate the virus in pregnant rats on the ninth day of pregnancy, a critical period in the development of the rodents&#8217; nervous system,\u201d explains neuroscientist and professor at ICBS\/UFRGS Mrs. Lenir Orlandi, leader of the research. \u201cThe rats did not develop diseases and no mortality was observed, unlike what would be occasional for this type of work,\u201d says Professor Orlandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In newborn rats inoculated with the virus, developmental delays were observed after 22 days of the rodents&#8217; neonatal period, even though the newborns had been born with unchanged brain size. These delays range from ear release the\u2014 which first develops stuck together and then opens with increased hearing expression \u2014 to nest and the mother localization through smell. After this period, the animals were euthanized to assess whether the number of important cells for structures \u2013 such as the hippocampus, for example \u2013 had been reduced, but no changes were found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, when measuring the proteins of the blood-brain barrier that protects the nervous system, the group of researchers noticed a decrease in several of these substances, showing that the brains of those rodents were possibly more susceptible to the presence of the virus. This decrease in proteins is associated with the oxidative stress noted in newborns, indicating the disordered presence of free radicals (a byproduct of chemical reactions) in the nervous system, which can cause damage to cells if not neutralized by antioxidants. Oxidative stress occurs when the body&#8217;s antioxidant levels are not high enough to combat the harmful effects of free radicals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe also evaluated the mothers&#8217; placenta and the tissue of the fetuses, and we saw that the virus was in the fetal material, it was in the placenta,\u201d explains the neuroscientist. She also explains that the changes in the nervous system are justified by the greater attraction that the virus has for the cells of this system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe Zika virus is attracted to precursor neuronal cells present in the prenatal period \u2013 precisely the cells that originate all the other ones of our nervous system.\u201d<\/p>\n<cite><em>Lenir Orlandi<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similar effects of congenital Zika virus syndrome have already been studied in humans, but finding they may also be present in rats makes it possible to reproduce, in rodents, what happens in humans and allows researchers to more properly and deeply investigate such after-effects and maybe find new therapeutic strategies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 on the bus and Zika virus at CREAL<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the group&#8217;s article was accepted for submission by <em>Brain, Behavior, and Immunity<\/em>, a high-impact journal in the scientific scene, there was much to be celebrated. But the excitement was short-lived: the first technical reviser asked for changes. \u201cHe said the data was interesting but asked us to refine our statistics,\u201d reports the neuroscientist. Once these modifications were completed, the work was submitted again, and a series of questions meant that the research team had to reevaluate the article. Finally, after a year of insistent editing, revision, and conversations, the study was accepted for publication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the research results refined and structured in an article, Mrs. Orlandi recalls the efforts made to deal with the challenges throughout the study. Because they had been using a moderate-risk microorganism, the scientists used a Biosafety Level 2 (NB-2) structure at the Center for Reproduction and Experimentation in Laboratory Animals (CREAL), an auxiliary body of the Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), located in the University. \u201cWe had no incidents during the research, but a small volume of the virus and a pierced finger, for example, could have caused infection. And we had several women of childbearing age [in the research], and we were precisely studying the congenital effect,\u201d says the professor, highlighting the importance of safety protocols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic caught the attention of thousands of researchers around the world, as it was the research of the moment. For the group of researchers at CREAL, the pandemic intensified difficulties from then on \u2013 exposed to a virus, they would have to be subjected to another one. With a smile on her face for having overcome the critical period, Professor Orlandi remembers a routine left behind. \u201cDespite those challenges have now been overcome we had many setbacks at that time. As part of the research was carried out during the pandemic, there was contact with SARS-CoV-2 on the bus [on the way to the campus] and with the Zika virus upon arrival at CREAL\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The researchers&#8217; next study is already underway and is about to release its findings. The research is an extension of the study published in <em>Brain, Behavior, and Immunity<\/em>, but focused on the behavior of mother rats infected with the Zika virus, which seem to take worse care of their offspring according to what has been observed. \u201cUnlike uninfected mother rats, which catch their newborns, group them in the corner of the box and build a nest, infected ones take longer to catch their newborns and spend less time in the nest,\u201d says Mrs. Orlandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Translated into English by <strong>Luana Selau Machado<\/strong>, undergraduate student enrolled in the course &#8220;Supervised Translation Training I (English)&#8221; of the Undergraduate Program in Language and Literature, under the supervision and translation revision of Professors Elizamari R. Becker (PhD) and M\u00e1rcia Montenegro Velho (PhD) &#8211; IL\/UFRGS.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>:: Read in Portuguese<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/ciencia\/estudo-dos-efeitos-da-sindrome-congenita-do-zika-virus-em-ratos-pode-subsidiar-novas-estrategias-terapeuticas-em-humanos\/\">Estudo dos efeitos da s\u00edndrome cong\u00eanita do zika v\u00edrus em ratos pode subsidiar novas estrat\u00e9gias terap\u00eauticas em humanos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe48e5de wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 is-style-outline animated fadeInDown slow is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-color has-link-color has-text-align-center has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/category\/in-english\/\" style=\"border-radius:16px;color:#135e96;font-size:15px\">Explore the full section <strong>In English<\/strong> <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Health | Research shows that, in newborn rats, the virus causes changes in developmental milestones and in the blood-brain barrier that protects the nervous system<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/a-study-on-the-effects-of-congenital-zika-virus-syndrome-in-rats-may-support-new-therapeutic-strategies-for-humans\/\">Leia mais<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":29353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"page_builder":"","footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[4495],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[3402],"class_list":["entry","author-alexandrefilho","has-excerpt","post-104948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-in-english"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A study on the effects of congenital Zika virus syndrome in rats may 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