{"id":130098,"date":"2026-09-10T07:06:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T10:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/?p=130098"},"modified":"2026-09-10T09:06:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T12:06:40","slug":"research-investigates-neurological-mechanisms-related-to-adhd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/research-investigates-neurological-mechanisms-related-to-adhd\/","title":{"rendered":"Research investigates neurological mechanisms related to ADHD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Health | UFRGS PhD thesis analyzes areas such as brain white matter, genomics, and telomere length to explore how different aspects of the disorder are related<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

*First published June 18th, 2025<\/em>
*Credits: Personal  Archive \/ Maria Eduarda Tavare<\/em>s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Maria Eduarda Tavares\u2019s PhD thesis, developed within the UFRGS Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Biologia Molecular), investigates different aspects of Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), integrating three biological areas: genomics, brain connectivity, and cellular aging. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The choice of topic emerged during Tavares\u2019s undergraduate studies, when she began her scientific journey at the Laboratory of Human Behavioral Genetics (Laborat\u00f3rio de Gen\u00e9tica do Comportamento Humano). Since then, ADHD has become the main focus of her academic career. \u201cAt first, hardly anyone talked about the disorder. Over the past four years, there has been a boom of interest in this subject. We joke about the idea of \u2018trending disorders\u2019: first it was anxiety and depression, and now it\u2019s ADHD\u201d, she says. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To understand how different biological markers are connected to the disorder and to each other, Tavares structured her research into three chapters. The first one investigated the genetic relationship between ADHD and changes in brain white matter, which is responsible for connecting different brain regions. The second chapter analyzed brain imaging data from over 7,000 children to examine how the clinical signs of the disorder, particularly inattention, are associated with changes in specific white matter tracts. The third chapter explored the hypothesis that ADHD may be linked to telomere shortening, a biological marker of cellular aging, combining genomic and clinical data to assess this possible connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causal hypothesis<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

In the first stage of the research, Tavares worked with genomic data from large international studies to investigate whether alterations in specific brain structures,  more precisely in the white matter, have a causal relationship with ADHD. White matter is the part of the brain that connects different regions through bundles of nerve fibers, which function as communication pathways between brain areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The analysis was carried out using Mendelian randomization, a statistical method that employs genetic variants as \u201cinstruments\u201d to infer cause-and-effect relationships between biological traits and diseases. In this case, the researcher examined fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure obtained through magnetic resonance imaging that reflects the organization and integrity of white matter tracts. Through the division of the brain into 22 regions, reduced fractional anisotropy in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) was found to have a significant causal effect on ADHD diagnosis. A stronger reduction of FA indicates a greater impairment of the circuits connecting the prefrontal cortex to the basal ganglia, a group of brain structures that plays a key role in functions such as motor control, planning, decision-making, and attention, all of which are largely affected in individuals with ADHD. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Source: Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Brain images and symptoms<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

For the second chapter, Tavares used public data from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), a study that includes information from over 7,000 children in the United States. The sample was split into ADHD participants and a non-ADHD control group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through statistical analyses, the FA measures obtained from diffusion MRI were compared with the types of symptoms reported: inattention and hyperactivity. Results showed a strong association between inattention symptoms and alterations in the white matter tracts, especially in the parietal and temporal regions of the brain, such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, considered the largest brain system of associative fiber bundles, and the corticostriatal pathways, a neural circuit that regulates movement execution and habit formation (image 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was not possible to identify a relationship between hyperactivity symptoms and these structures. These findings reinforce that the brain alterations associated with ADHD seem to be more closely related to inattention symptoms, aligning with the previous stage of the research, which identified a genetic influence on regions associated with cognitive control.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Source: Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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ADHD and cellular aging<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

In its third stage, Tavares’s research aimed to understand whether ADHD could be linked to premature cellular aging. To do so, she investigated telomere length,<\/strong> a measure of the structures located at the ends of chromosomes that protect DNA during cell division. Over time, and under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, telomeres gradually shorten. That is why they are considered biological markers of aging. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research combined data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), involving thousands of participants, with clinical information from 345 Brazilian patients from Rede TDAH Brasil, a Brazilian network focused on ADHD research and awareness. To measure telomeres, it was necessary to carry out more than a thousand analyses in triplicate, one of the most challenging processes of the thesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results showed that patients with ADHD had shorter telomeres than those in the control group, and a region on chromosome 17 was found to be associated with both ADHD and shorter telomere length, suggesting a genetic link between the disorder and biological decline processes. Shorter telomeres are linked to more severe symptoms. These findings indicate that ADHD may be associated with accelerated aging processes, influenced by both genetic factors and symptom manifestation.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Source: Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brain, DNA, and time<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Throughout her PhD thesis, Tavares connected three dimensions of human biology \u2014 the brain, the genome, and cellular aging \u2014 in an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying ADHD. Although each chapter of her research followed a different methodology, they all led to the same underlying pattern of biological vulnerability that may help to explain the disorder. The thesis was awarded the 2025 Young Bioinformatician Prize (Pr\u00eamio Jovem Bioinformata) by the Brazilian Association of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Bioinform\u00e1tica e Biologia Computacional \u2014 AB3C). The research stands out for its depth and timeliness in addressing a highly relevant and contemporary topic, while also pointing toward future developments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tavares claims that the study reinforces the importance of understanding ADHD not merely as a behavioral phenomenon, but as a disorder shaped by multiple layers of biological influence. As Tavares puts it, science is about building an argument and expecting other researchers to contribute to it. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Maria Eduarda Tavares receiving the 2025 Young Bioinformatician Prize (Photo: Personal archive\/Maria Eduarda Tavares)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Thesis:<\/strong> Neurodevelopmental markers: the role of genomics, white matter, and telomere length in ADHD (Marcadores do neurodesenvolvimento: o papel da gen\u00f4mica, subst\u00e2ncia branca e comprimento telom\u00e9rico no TDAH)
Author:<\/strong> Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares
Advisor:<\/strong>  Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
Program\/Unit:<\/strong> Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology \u2013 Institute of Bioscience<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Translated into English by Brenda Bressanelli Marcon<\/strong>, undergraduate student enrolled in the course \u201cSupervised Translation Training II (English)\u201d of the Undergraduate Program in Language and Literature, under the supervision and translation revision of Professor Rozane Rebechi (P.h.D.) \u2013 IL\/UFRGS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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:: Read in portuguese<\/strong>
Pesquisa da UFRGS investiga mecanismos neurol\u00f3gicos relacionados ao TDAH<\/a>
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Explore the full section In English<\/strong> <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Health | UFRGS PhD thesis analyzes areas such as brain white matter, genomics, and telomere length to explore how different aspects of the disorder are relatedLeia mais<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":242,"featured_media":115075,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"page_builder":"","footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[4495],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[7003],"class_list":["entry","author-marcelorosinski","has-excerpt","post-130098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-in-english"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","yoast_head":"\nResearch investigates neurological mechanisms related to ADHD - Jornal da Universidade<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Reportagens, artigos e entrevistas sobre temas da atualidade 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