{"id":131425,"date":"2026-10-08T07:06:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T10:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/?p=131425"},"modified":"2026-10-07T14:52:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T17:52:46","slug":"study-develops-biodegradable-film-as-an-alternative-to-commodity-plastic-packaging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/study-develops-biodegradable-film-as-an-alternative-to-commodity-plastic-packaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Study develops biodegradable film as an alternative to commodity plastic packaging"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Engineering | Using starch, polyvinyl alcohol, and natural additives, researchers developed a material with functional properties and improved moisture resistance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

*Photo: Research Archive<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Developed at the Polymer Materials Laboratory (Lapol) within UFRGS\u2019s Sustainability Center, a master\u2019s research project conducted by Helen Kotekewis proposes an alternative to commodity plastic: a biodegradable model. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, plastic represents a major environmental challenge, due to its short life cycle and low recyclability. Brazil, for example, is the world\u2019s fourth-largest producer of plastic waste<\/a>, yet recycles only 24.5% of it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Helen saw the inspiration for her master\u2019s project in one of the planet\u2019s primary problem. Early on, she had identified the packaging industry as a major source of environmental pollution \u2014 largely due to the short time between production and disposal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cThe goal is to replace it [commodity plastic] with something biodegradable. That way, there will be no environmental impact, since the alternative packaging material will break down naturally within a natural cycle\u201d<\/p>\nHelen Kotekewis<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Her project has developed a biodegradable film capable of replacing commodity plastic in flexible packaging. Especially for the largest consumers of such materials: the food sector<\/a>, which is responsible for 20% of  plastic production in Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By combining starch (a natural polymer extracted from corn) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, a synthetic polymer), Helen has created a material that is not only biodegradable but also more resistant to moisture and functionally active in preserving food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This polymer blend \u2014 a term used for mixtures of different polymers \u2014 also incorporates natural additives such as lignin (a byproduct of the paper industry with antioxidant and antifungal properties) and as malic acid (found in fruits like apples).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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On the left, a comparison between different film samples. On the right, an image of biodegradable plastic. (Photos: Research Archive)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Process and results<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Throughout her research, Helen has tested different formulations and production methods to identify the most effective composition: a blend containing 75% starch and 25% PVA, supplemented with lignin and malic acid. The choice of additives balanced technical performance with cost-effectiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond significantly reducing moisture absorption \u2014 a key requirement for flexible packaging \u2014 the additives have also improved the material\u2019s mechanical properties and introduced antifungal and antioxidant effects, all without compromising transparency or biodegradability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The addition of lignin led to improved mechanical and thermal performance, reduced moisture absorption by up to 35%, and enhanced antifungal and antioxidant activity \u2014 features particularly relevant for food preservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malic acid has contributed to a further reduction in moisture (up to 30%) while maintaining the film\u2019s transparency, an important factor for commercial applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When combined, these additives have produced a material with high water resistance, a lack of toxic environmental impact, and full biodegradability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using relatively accessible techniques, the study demonstrates how industrial residues and natural substances can become sustainable solutions for urgent environmental challenges. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study points to a real way to reduce the environmental impact of the disposal of short-lifecycle polymers. <\/p>\n\n\n

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Photo: Research Archive<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Plastic in t<\/strong>he environment<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Plastic waste is a global issue, and the food industry is one of its largest users. A quick trip to the supermarket makes this clear: aside from some paper or aluminum packaging, most food products are wrapped in plastic that is quickly discarded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cThe packaging industry is one of the biggest polluters because of the short time between production and disposal. In Brazil, this is one of our most pressing environmental problems\u201d<\/p>\nHelen Kotekewis<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Until the 1970s, global plastic production was relatively low. Since then, it has grown faster than any other material. In the early 2000s alone, plastic waste increased more in a single decade than in the previous 40 years combined.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some plastics, such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate, type one plastic), are more easily recyclable and less prone to downcycling (the loss of material quality during recycling). However, flexible and multilayer packaging, which combine different polymers, are far more difficult to recycle and often end up in landfills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“We’ve always heard that we need to preserve the environment, but now the consequences are more visible in everyday life”<\/p>\nHelen Kotekewis<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

According to the Panorama of Solid Waste in Brazil<\/a>, each Brazilian generates an average of 842 pounds of solid waste per year. Although recycling rates have increased, they still represent only about 8% of total waste. Much of what is recycled is collected by informal waste pickers; only about one-third comes from official selective collection systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looking ahead<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Although still at the laboratory stage, the study sends a clear message: it is possible to develop more sustainable materials without sacrificing performance. The next challenge lies in scaling up, turning innovation into public policy and accessible technology so that sustainability becomes the norm rather than the exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the context of an escalating climate and environmental crisis, Helen\u2019s research highlights the transformative potential of applied science, bringing together technical expertise, environmental awareness, and innovation. \u201cIt\u2019s not just about finishing a research project, but also about creating real solutions for real-world problems. Impact only happens when science leaves the lab and reaches people,\u201d Helen concludes. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Thesis title:<\/strong> Biodegradable starch\/PVA blends with added lignin and malic acid for application in flexible packaging<\/a>
Author:<\/strong> Helen Kotekewis<\/a>
Supervisor:<\/strong> Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana<\/a>
Program\/Unit:<\/strong> Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering \u2013 School of Engineering<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Translated into English by Alice de Freitas Castro<\/strong>, undergraduate student enrolled in the course “Supervised Translation Training I (English)” of the Undergraduate Program in Language and Literature, under the supervision and translation revision of Professor Elizamari R. Becker (P.h.D.) – IL\/UFRGS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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:: Read in portuguese<\/strong>
Estudo desenvolve filme biodegrad\u00e1vel como alternativa ao pl\u00e1stico convencional em embalagens<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Explore the full section In English<\/strong> <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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