{"id":67359,"date":"2023-07-13T07:29:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T10:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/?p=67359"},"modified":"2023-12-06T11:05:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T14:05:51","slug":"research-compares-genetic-profiles-of-prostate-cancer-in-brazilians-south-africans-and-australians","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/research-compares-genetic-profiles-of-prostate-cancer-in-brazilians-south-africans-and-australians\/","title":{"rendered":"Research compares genetic profiles of prostate cancer in Brazilians, South Africans and Australians"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Health | Study developed in partnership with national and worldwide researchers attempted to understand specific gene expressions in different populations to find personalized and more efficient treatments<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:10px\"><em>*By Geovana Benites<br>*First published November 10th, 2022<br>*Photo: Maria Ana Krack\/PMPA<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prostate cancer is responsible for about 1.5 million new cancer diagnoses and almost 375,000 annual deaths associated with the male individuals worldwide. Seeking to deepen knowledge about individuals&#8217; genetic predispositions to personalize the treatment of patients with this type of tumor, an article by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-05154-6\">Nature Communications<\/a> analyzed the difference in genetic profile (mutations) of Brazilians in comparison to South Africans and Australians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conducted by the researcher of the Institute of Basic Health Sciences at UFRGS, Ilma Simoni Brum da Silva, in partnership with scientists from different countries, the work entitled <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-05154-6\">\u201cAfrican-specific<em> molecular taxonomy of prostate cancer<\/em>\u201d<\/a> classifies groups of patients with different expressions of some genes \u2013 classification based on mutations in these genes in different ethnicities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilma says that, during a conference in South Africa, she had the opportunity to learn about a new study on prostate cancer characterization that was being conducted, at the time, with Australian and South African participants only. Considering her previous research on the topic and Brazil&#8217;s high level of ethnic miscegenation, the scientist established a collaboration with the researchers responsible for the project in order to include Brazilian patients. \u201cThe purpose of the study was to determine whether Brazilian prostate cancer patients&#8217; genetic profiles differed from those of South Africans and Australians in terms of mutations and genetic signatures,\u201d explains the professor.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Under analysis<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The research including samples from Brazilians began with the selection of an initial group of 12 patients. Subsequently, the collected material was sent to Australia for analysis, ensuring that all the samples were analyzed in a standardized and uniform manner. According to Ilma, the comparison of the groups needed to be carried out through the same methodology of analysis in order to make the total sequencing of the tumor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultimately, due to the characteristics of inclusion and analysis requirements, samples from nine Brazilian individuals, 53 Australians, and 123 South Africans were included. Using material from Brazilian, South African, and Australian patients, the researchers synthesized the genetic profile of prostate cancer tumors in African (South African individuals) and European (Australian individuals) ethnicities. &#8220;We found that there is a difference: Africans have a particular gene expression profile, people of European ethnicity (Australians) have another, and Brazil is an intermediate, having genes that originate from both [African and European] origins\u201d, explains Ilma.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The article&#8217;s objective was to undertake a molecular taxonomy of prostate cancer, based on the mutations found in the genes, in other words, to establish a classification of patients who have this type of tumor. Using this taxonomy, four subgroups of patients (global mutational subtypes A, B, C, and D) were identified, each of which had different gene expressions that are either associated with a higher risk of developing a serious illness or not. These genes express themselves in varied ways according to each person&#8217;s ethnicity, inheritance, and environmental factors, expression which determines the \u201cgenetic signature\u201d and classification into one of the proposed groups. This analysis is significant as it enables the classification of individuals into distinct groups and the identification of the most effective treatment for each person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThen, what we need to understand is: what&#8217;s different about these patients? Why does one respond to a certain treatment and the other does not? This is the way we will treat these patients in the future: by getting to know them.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<cite><em>Ilma Brum<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Personalized treatments&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The professor underlines that, by studying the populations, it will be possible to advance genomic medicine therapy and create more individualized procedures. Chemotherapy, for instance, is often administered in the same manner to every patient with a specific tumor, although it is likely that not all people may experience the same outcome. \u201cGiving patients an individualized tumor diagnosis, so that they can be treated in a more specific way, reduces many side effects of extensive chemotherapy, enabling the cancer patient to recover and experience a significant increase in length and quality of life\u201d, Ilma reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the professor, countries that make significant investments in health research, such as France and the United States, are able to translate these scientific advancements into public policies, then, resulting in increasingly accurate and appropriate diagnoses and treatments for their citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAlthough countries with the lowest levels of investment in this field are still significantly behind, I believe we should begin to address this and advocate for resources that can help us keep up with the aforementioned countries. Everyone should have access to the best health care available\u201d<\/p>\n<cite><em>Ilma Brum<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As stated by the researcher, the only way to improve people&#8217;s quality of life is by investing in research and initiatives that break through university boundaries and have a direct impact on their daily lives. \u201cThat&#8217;s what we work for, that&#8217;s why we train students: to improve people&#8217;s lives.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">Translated into English by\u00a0<strong>Bianca Gomes Martins<\/strong>, undergraduate student enrolled in the course \u201cSupervised Translation Training II (English)\u201d of the Undergraduate Program in Language and Literature, under the supervision and translation revision of Professor Elizamari R. Becker (P.h.D.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>:: Read in Portuguese<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/ciencia\/pesquisa-compara-perfis-geneticos-do-cancer-de-prostata-de-brasileiros-sul-africanos-e-australianos\/\">Estudo compara perfis gen\u00e9ticos do c\u00e2ncer de pr\u00f3stata de brasileiros, sul-africanos e australianos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Health | Study developed in partnership with national and worldwide researchers attempted to understand specific gene expressions in different populations to find personalized and more efficient treatments<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/research-compares-genetic-profiles-of-prostate-cancer-in-brazilians-south-africans-and-australians\/\">Leia mais<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":195,"featured_media":56896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"page_builder":"","footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[4495],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[3318],"class_list":["entry","author-geovanabenites","has-excerpt","post-67359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-in-english"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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