{"id":95025,"date":"2024-10-03T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/?p=95025"},"modified":"2024-10-02T12:05:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T15:05:47","slug":"community-gardens-reveal-multifunctional-benefits-in-porto-alegre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/jornal\/community-gardens-reveal-multifunctional-benefits-in-porto-alegre\/","title":{"rendered":"Community gardens reveal multifunctional benefits in Porto Alegre\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Urban agriculture | Beyond food security and income, collective land cultivation provides health, memories, knowledge and autonomy. The municipality advocates for demonstrative units while the Forum seeks to value local contexts<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

*By\u00a0Ronaldo Botelho\u00a0
*First published November 9, 2023\u00a0
*Photo: FAUPOA\/Archive\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cThe secret of life is the soil, because plants, water, the climate depend on it, and so do we. Everything is interconnected.\u201d These words from environmentalist Ana Primavesi, who passed away a few years ago, remain alive and relevant among us and true to our ways of life. Considered a pioneer of modern agroecology, the Austrian-Brazilian agronomist is immortalized by her timeless vision of the dependency bond between humans and their environment, especially in food production. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Porto Alegre, a cradle of great environmental references and debates, urban and peri-urban agriculture (practiced within or on the outskirts of a locality, city or metropolis) is increasingly recognized as an economic, healthy and strategic community practice for demands far beyond supplying the supermarket shelves. Even for those not yet proficient in it, its benefits can be seen in urban life. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is the case for Let\u00edcia Silva Oliveira, 32 years old. Born in Salvador (BA) and living in the Farrapos neighborhood, in Porto Alegre, for five years, Let\u00edcia shall be one of the beneficiaries of the Supportive Garden Unburden (Horta Solid\u00e1ria Desabafa) harvests. \u201cIt makes me happy to be able to participate in this garden, because I can teach my son the correct place where food comes from\u201d, she comments while participating in a planting collective effort. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solidarity Networks<\/strong> <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Created from needs related to maintaining the Supportive Kitchen Unburden (Cozinha Solid\u00e1ria Desabafa) \u2013 a collective composed of residents aware of various social demands in the Farrapos neighborhood, which were aggravated during the pandemic, such as hunger, unemployment, depression, and violence \u2013, the Unburden Garden illustrates one of the main motivations driving the appreciation of land and urban agriculture: food insecurity. <\/p>\n\n\n

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\u201cI can teach him the correct place where food comes from\u201d, says Let\u00edcia, accompanied by her son during the planting effort (Photo: Ronaldo Botelho)\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u201cSocial inequality caused by unemployment and low income is a major impediment for these people to acquire food in the quantity and quality needed,\u201d explains Ony Teresinha Pereira da Silva, a lawyer and member of the work team of the supportive kitchen and garden of the Cultural and Educational Association for Development of the Farrapos Neighborhood (Unburden), where the projects are linked. Every week, this kitchen serves more than 300 meals to vulnerable people from several of the 19 communities in that region \u2013 which is the focus of this entity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To implement the actions, this initiative relies on a support network, made up of unions, cultural associations, NGOs, social movements and parliamentarians linked to social movements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBrazil is internationally called the breadbasket of the world. Here, next to our college, which is celebrating its 125th anniversary this year, people are starving \u2013 with all the knowledge acquired over the years, and the knowledge still being generated to produce more food! So, what can we do?\u201d, reacts Professor Amanda Posselt Martins, from Soil Sciences at the Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences and member of UVAIA (An Agronomic Vision with Agroecological Ideal), a collective that brings together academics from the unit and that recently partnered with Unburden. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cI believe that this cooperation between the University and peripheral communities, aimed at organizing these urban gardens, is extremely important\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\nAmanda Posselt Martins\u00a0<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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But this partnership has brought more than technical guidance to the neighborhood. UVAIA’s action has attracted several academics aware of the socio-educational role of community outreach. \u201cCommunity gardens are essential for maintaining and building a social and cultural environment,\u201d says Aline Teixeira, an eighth-semester Agronomy student. The engagement with the land in an urban environment is also valued by the students. \u201cA garden provides a closer connection with nature, increasingly distant in large urban centers,\u201d says Nicolas Della Casa, Aline\u2019s classmate and fellow student in the same undergraduate.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diverse values<\/strong> <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

But the Unburden Garden is just one of countless and diverse urban agriculture experiences maintained in Porto Alegre. Every day, more communities are recognizing gardens as a space for sharing problems and organizing solutions. Within the scope of municipal public management, urban agriculture is coordinated by the Municipal Secretariat for Local Governance and Political Coordination (SMGOV). Since taking over this area, in mid-last year, the head of the department, C\u00e1ssio Trogildo, says he has prioritized primary production in rural areas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

He makes a point of listing several actions for this segment, such as cleaning, irrigation, building ponds and storage tanks. \u201cWe created a strategic umbrella plan, but at that first moment, we weren’t even considering community gardens,\u201d he notes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

He says that, for urban and peri-urban gardens, the municipal administration has developed a policy that prioritizes the development of pilot gardens, which should function as demonstrative units, models for the rest of the city. \u201cMy current dream is four units, one in each quadrant. We even think, after having regionalized demonstrative units, one for each of the 17 regions,\u201d he predicts. The secretary also announces the preparation of a training policy starting from schools and the articulation of a support network for gardens. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

From a more local and contextualized perspective, the Porto Alegre Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture Forum (FAUPOA) considers it a priority to value already structured garden experiences, instead of top-down models. Created in August 2021, the collective has already mapped over 35 community garden projects in the city, at different levels of structure, with coordination, guidance, and support. The forum conceives urban and peri-urban agriculture under the logic of multifunctionality, beyond income and work generation.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf the garden gets established in a school, the immediate goal is pedagogy; if, in a health center, it is necessary to dialogue with people’s health; if, in a prison, the purpose may be income generation, therapeutic rehabilitation or food production; if it takes root in a square or park, it is agroecology. So, it is symbolic, pedagogical, and it is a laboratory,\u201d analyzes Ant\u00f4nio Elisandro, volunteer at the Lomba do Pinheiro Garden (Horta da Lomba do Pinheiro) and member of FAUPOA\u2019s support network. <\/p>\n\n\n

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FAUPOA\u2019s\u00a0 mapping indicates distribution and diversity of gardens in the city \u2013 to enlarge the image, access FAUPOA\u2019s Facebook page here<\/a> (Image: FAUPOA)\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Tatiana da Silva Duarte, current professor of subjects related to vegetable production technology at the Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences and technical advisor for several community garden projects across the city, agrees with FAUPOA’s perspective. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cCertainly, one model will not suit all gardens, especially in socially vulnerable areas. Often, the conditions for using that area, that soil, will not be the same as the ones downtown, in Cidade Baixa. Even the income issue is different\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\nTatiana da Silva Duarte\u00a0<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Beyond the limits of Porto Alegre, another type of initiative that has had good results in environmental education related to gardens are academic outreach programs aimed at training low-income people. This is the case of the project Urban and peri-urban agriculture: food, education and health (5th edition), developed within the North Coast Campus (CLN, for Campus Litoral Norte<\/em>) of UFRGS \u2013 until 2022 carried out in partnership with the City of Tramanda\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coordinated by professors Rejane Margarete Schaefer Kalsing and Ricardo de Sampaio Dagnino, both linked to CLN’s Interdisciplinary Department, the initiative benefits vulnerable people through social registrations. The course covers topics such as urban and peri-urban agriculture, health, supportive economy, among others. Held since 2019, this initiative has already had over 500 participants. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt made me see life where I didn\u2019t before. For me, it was just one more weeding. After the course, I even took care not to hurt the worms. It’s rewarding to plant something and watch it grow. In a milk carton, I create healthy food. It\u2019s incredible\u201d, reports self-employed worker Jo\u00e3o Carlos Garcia dos Santos, 51 years old, a 2022 class student and urban farmer in Tramanda\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refuge and Cooperation<\/strong> <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

In a garden, however, much more than plants are grown. The \u201cLomba people\u201d know this well. Considered one of the historical and referential projects in this segment, the Lomba do Pinheiro Garden develops activities that transcend land cultivation. Located in the eastern zone of Porto Alegre, this garden hosts training sessions, lectures, cultural activities, among other initiatives conducive to an environment dominated by greenery. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe garden has a very positive impact, not only on the community, but throughout the metropolitan region and the state. It is a mother garden that inspires other gardens, contributing with examples, seedlings, seeds, studies and research. We usually say that it is not a large production, but a school\u201d, says Ana Carolina da Rosa, a sixth-semester student of the Teaching Undergraduate Program in Rural Education \u2013 Natural Sciences.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The long coexistence, amidst struggles and achievements, has established the place as a reference and created bonds among a wide and loyal network of collaborators. \u201cI have a daughter and a granddaughter, and they still work, but when they can, on vacation, they come and they really enjoy it. We are always helping and cooperating. I come to help make tea and sweets. I don’t come more often because sometimes I can’t, but when I can, I\u2019m always here\u201d, says Teresa Marlene de Oliveira Silva, 82 years old, who has lived in Lomba do Pinheiro for 50 years.  <\/p>\n\n\n

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Tereza, Ana and Fl\u00e1vio at Lomba Garden, located in the Lomba do Pinheiro neighborhood, in Porto Alegre (Photo: Ronaldo Botelho)\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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The identification of the garden as a family space is also highlighted by its visitors. \u201cIt\u2019s mother nature, an experience for those who arrive there. Someone arrives, and you meet them, and we soon create bonds. We used to prepare lunch here, only with things from the garden,\u201d says Albertina Goulart Gold, another longtime resident of the area, as she prepares tea with herbs she harvested from the garden. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The visit I made to Lomba Garden for this report coincided with a tribute to professor Fl\u00e1vio Burg. Designated by the municipality to the garden over ten years ago and nearing retirement, he was honored with a modest celebration by long-time collaborators of the Garden. \u201cI consider the cycles of life. So, I came to this big city 39 years ago, and now that I’m 60, I\u2019m planning to move to the countryside of Maquin\u00e9. So, I see my cycle here as coming to an end,\u201d he reflects. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multidisciplinary Field<\/strong> <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Although community gardens do not necessarily depend on institutional structures or disciplinary formalities, the multidisciplinary nature of the topics and issues they raise have attracted increasing attention from the academic world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat we need is a space for conversation, not that formal space, not that academic meeting. Entering a space where those who aren’t from there don’t feel embarrassed to speak. When it’s cold, a bonfire and a conversation that is both constructive and healing,\u201d summarizes Professor Ingrid Bergman Inchausti de Barros, another long-time and experienced participant in this project. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

With a PhD in Agronomy from the University of S\u00e3o Paulo and a retired professor from UFRGS, where she taught vegetable production, Ingrid has been a reference for prominent researchers. Among them, the biologist Valdely Ferreira Kinupp, considered the “Pope of Non-Conventional Food Plants (PANCs) for whom she supervised the PhD dissertation \u201cUnconventional food plants in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, RS\u201d (Plantas aliment\u00edcias n\u00e3o convencionais da regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following in the footsteps of veterans like Professor Ingrid, new generations continue to be interested in the topic of vegetable gardens. Research and Outreach seem to converge in this territory of cultivation and coexistence in a multidisciplinary context. This is demonstrated by studies such as \u201cWe cultivate the Earth and the earth cultivates us\u201d (A gente cultiva a Terra e a terra cultiva a gente), developed as an undergraduate thesis by the Psychology student Layla Nicoly Mattos Medeiros \u2013 or Solar, as she likes to be called. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy work was basically sharing my experience. There wasn’t any strict guideline. From my presence here, I built the research. \u2013 It was from the things I saw here and then my perspective on the garden. And it was basically divided between three topics: the garden as a space of resistance, care and refuge,\u201d explains the psychologist. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cIt was quite a deviation from what we have been studying within Psychology, something that goes against this whole project of capitalist destruction.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\nLayla Nicoly Mattos Medeiros<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The function of vegetable gardens as functional spaces beyond agriculture is confirmed by the study \u201cUrban and Peri-urban Agriculture in the Municipality of Porto Alegre\/RS \u2013 Food and Nutritional Security and Development Possibilities\u201d (Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana no Munic\u00edpio de Porto Alegre\/RS \u2013 Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar e Nutricional e Possibilidades de Desenvolvimento). This master\u2019s thesis, recently defended by Rafael Caetano de Lima e Silva, in the Graduate Program in Regional Dynamics and Development \u2013 PGDREDES\/UFRGS, analyzed urban and peri-urban agricultural practices in vegetable gardens in four neighborhoods of the capital (Jardim Leopoldina, Jardim do Salso, Lomba do Pinheiro and Restinga). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study found that urban gardens helped reduce food and nutritional insecurity and, more than that, originated from the popular mobilization of a community which sees functions for them beyond food.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSometimes, a neighborhood doesn’t have many options, and the garden ends up being an excuse to organize other activities. I asked a question in the survey about the main reason why people participate in the gardens, and socialization was the most frequent answer. I was even surprised because I thought it was more about the food itself,\u201d says the academic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But even though there are significant studies on urban agriculture across the country, agriculture in metropolitan regions lacks more well-developed integrated studies. This is what professor Heloisa Soares de Moura Costa, from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), thinks. Researcher in urban and environmental planning and political ecology and food and nutritional security in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH), she believes that there is a gap in more structured studies and research in this area. She also sees a broader potential for the university in this field.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cIn addition to research, the university can contribute to teaching and outreach activities, offering support to vegetable gardens, or other agricultural experiences, and courses or other training processes that meet the demands of each community.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\nHeloisa Soares de Moura Costa\u00a0<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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The researcher is also the coordinator of \u2018Au\u00ea! Urban Agriculture Study Group\u2019 (Au\u00ea! Grupo de Estudos em Agricultura Urbana), which has existed at UFMG since 2013, through which she has been following community gardens and other food production spaces in RMBH. One of these projects was the Productive Units of the City of Belo Horizonte, available on the Au\u00ea! website. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A quick diagnosis of the community garden scenario in Porto Alegre reveals admirable advances, but also difficulties \u2013 spaces, resources, maintenance and interpersonal relationships are some of them. Nothing that the combination of efforts for an integrated and permanent public policy cannot overcome in this \u2018garden of aspirations, good seeds and fertile soil\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Translated into English by Carla Victoria Brito de Andrade<\/strong>, undergraduate student enrolled in the course “Supervised Translation Training I (English)” of the Undergraduate Program in Language and Literature, under the supervision and translation revision of Professor Elizamari R. Becker (PhD) – IL\/UFRGS.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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