{"id":928,"date":"2020-08-03T17:35:17","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T20:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/?p=928"},"modified":"2020-08-03T17:35:17","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T20:35:17","slug":"paes-de-fermentacao-natural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/2020\/08\/03\/paes-de-fermentacao-natural\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00c3ES DE FERMENTA\u00c7\u00c3O NATURAL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-929 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?resize=325%2C325&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?w=1080&amp;ssl=1 1080w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?resize=850%2C850&amp;ssl=1 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qual a diferen\u00e7a entre o p\u00e3o caseiro e o p\u00e3o de fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o natural?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Afinal, as fermenta\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o s\u00e3o todas naturais?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ao entrar neste mundo da panifica\u00e7\u00e3o, podemos dizer que, sim \u2013 a partir de um fermento biol\u00f3gico \u2013 toda fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um processo natural. As nomenclaturas normalmente utilizadas podem nos confundir um pouco.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O elemento diferencial do denominado \u201cp\u00e3o de fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o natural\u201d \u00e9 o TIPO de fermento biol\u00f3gico utilizado. E decorrem da\u00ed todas as outras caracter\u00edsticas peculiares deste p\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enquanto hoje em dia, mais comumente para o feitio do p\u00e3o caseiro \u00e9 usado o fermento biol\u00f3gico comprado no mercado, e, por isso, vamos denomin\u00e1-lo aqui \u201cp\u00e3o caseiro moderno\u201d, para o feitio do p\u00e3o de fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o natural \u00e9 utilizado um fermento biol\u00f3gico artesanal. Ou seja, a pessoa far\u00e1 em casa primeiramente o fermento e depois, com este, o seu p\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quais as vantagens?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d8\u00a0 O fermento artesanal <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">levain <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sourdough<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">starter<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e9 feito de trigo (ou uma mistura de cereais) e \u00e1gua e, \u00e0s vezes, uma fruta como abacaxi ou ma\u00e7\u00e3 verde. Nesse substrato bact\u00e9rias l\u00e1cticas<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(provenientes das superf\u00edcies dos vegetais) e leveduras (presentes nos cereais) come\u00e7am a se desenvolver numa harmoniosa rela\u00e7\u00e3o simbi\u00f3tica. As leveduras utilizam os gr\u00e3os produzindo etanol e di\u00f3xido de carbono (bolhas de ar que depois v\u00e3o fazer crescer a massa do p\u00e3o) e as bact\u00e9rias convertem esse etanol em \u00e1cido l\u00e1tico. Essa acidez \u00e9 boa para as leveduras, mas in\u00f3spita para outros microorganismos advindo da\u00ed um controle microbiol\u00f3gico natural. O p\u00e3o de fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o natural \u00e9 mais \u00e1cido \u2013 o que auxilia naturalmente na sua conserva\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d8\u00a0 O fermento biol\u00f3gico comercial cont\u00e9m uma \u00fanica cepa de levedura (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saccharomyces cerivisae<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) \u2013 que n\u00e3o deixa de ser natural \u2013\u00a0 a qual normalmente age r\u00e1pido, \u00e9 de f\u00e1cil produ\u00e7\u00e3o industrial e \u00e9 intolerante a ambientes \u00e1cidos. O <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">levain<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> far\u00e1 a fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o da massa do p\u00e3o de maneira mais lenta, propiciando um aumento da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do \u00e1cido f\u00edtico \u2013 elemento presente nos gr\u00e3os de cereais e em sementes de plantas que acaba agindo, para n\u00f3s, como fator antinutricional, \u201csequestrando\u201d ou ligando-se a v\u00e1rios minerais importantes para a nossa nutri\u00e7\u00e3o como o Ferro, o Magn\u00e9sio e o F\u00f3sforo e carreando-os at\u00e9 serem eliminados do nosso organismo. Enquanto o p\u00e3o feito com levain tem em torno de 62% de \u00e1cido f\u00edtico (fator antinutricional) inativado, no p\u00e3o feito com o fermento biol\u00f3gico industrializado esta porcentagem cai para aproximadamente 38%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2193 \u00e1cido f\u00edtico\u00a0 \u2191 biodisponibilidade de minerais<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d8\u00a0 Com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1cido l\u00e1tico na fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o natural lenta do p\u00e3o (com o<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> levain<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), o pH da massa diminui possibilitando a a\u00e7\u00e3o de enzimas proteol\u00edticas as quais far\u00e3o a hidr\u00f3lise da glutenina, uma das prote\u00ednas formadoras do gl\u00faten. Este processo <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pode<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> diminuir ou at\u00e9 mesmo eliminar o desconforto das pessoas intolerantes ao gl\u00faten; isto vai depender muito, por\u00e9m, de alguns fatores, tais como: o n\u00edvel individual da intoler\u00e2ncia, a quantidade de proteases (enzimas) existentes especificamente naquele fermento natural, o tempo de a\u00e7\u00e3o das enzimas, o teor inicial de gl\u00faten da farinha utilizada, dentre outros.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ATEN\u00c7\u00c3O: n\u00e3o h\u00e1 consumo seguro para portadores de Doen\u00e7a Cel\u00edaca.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patricia Soeiro Petroski <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutricionista &#8211; CRN2 11247<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refer\u00eancias<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lopez, H., Krspine, V., Guy, C., Messager, A., Demigne, C., &amp; Remesy, C. (2001). Prolonged fermentation of whole wheat sourdough reduces phytate level and increases soluble magnesium. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 49,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2657\u20132662<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lopez, H., Remesy, C., &amp; Demigne, C. (1998). Phytic acid: a useful compound? Medicine and Nutrition, 34, 135\u2013143<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sourdough Fermentation of Wheat Flour does not Prevent the Interaction of Transglutaminase 2 with \u03b12-Gliadin or Gluten. Nutrients 2015, 7, 2134-2144; doi:10.3390\/nu7042134<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gobbetti M, Giuseppe Rizzello C, Di Cagno R, De Angelis M. Sourdough lactobacilli and celiac disease. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food Microbiol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2007;24(2):187\u2010196. doi:10.1016\/j.fm.2006.07.014<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adebo OA, Gabriela Medina-Meza I. Impact of Fermentation on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Whole Cereal Grains: A Mini Review. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Molecules<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2020;25(4):927. Published 2020 Feb 19. doi:10.3390\/molecules25040927<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Di Cagno R, Barbato M, Di Camillo C, et al. Gluten-free sourdough wheat baked goods appear safe for young celiac patients: a pilot study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2010;51(6):777-783. doi:10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181f22ba4<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Auricchio S, et al. Sourdough bread made from wheat and nontoxic flours and started with selected lactobacilli is tolerated in celiac sprue patients. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appl Environ Microbiol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2004;70(2):1088\u20101096. doi:10.1128\/aem.70.2.1088-1096.2004<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moroni AV, Dal Bello F, Arendt EK. Sourdough in gluten-free bread-making: an ancient technology to solve a novel issue?. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food Microbiol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009;26(7):676\u2010684. doi:10.1016\/j.fm.2009.07.001<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pontonio E, Rizzello CG, Di Cagno R, et al. How organic farming of wheat may affect the sourdough and the nutritional and technological features of leavened baked goods. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Int J Food Microbiol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016;239:44\u201053. doi:10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.013<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taccari M, Aquilanti L, Polverigiani S, et al. Microbial Diversity of Type I Sourdoughs Prepared and Back-Slopped with Wholemeal and Refined Soft (Triticum aestivum) Wheat Flours. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J Food Sci<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016;81(8):M1996\u2010M2005. doi:10.1111\/1750-3841.13372<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rizzello CG, Cavoski I, Turk J, et al. Organic cultivation of Triticum turgidum subsp.durum is reflected in the flour-sourdough fermentation-bread axis. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appl Environ Microbiol<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015;81(9):3192\u20103204. doi:10.1128\/AEM.04161-14<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Camargo, Luiz Am\u00e9rico. P\u00e3o nosso: receitas caseiras com fermento natural. S\u00e3o Paulo : Editora SENAC S\u00e3o Paulo; Editora Panelinha, 2016. 175p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lacasse, Denise. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Microbiologia Alimentar. Lisboa : Les \u00c9ditions Saint Martin, 1995. 577p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consultoria gentilmente cedida por Luiz Fernando Gelinger, padeiro e confeiteiro, certificado n\u00ba 630042053 SENAC.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qual a diferen\u00e7a entre o p\u00e3o caseiro e o p\u00e3o de fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o natural? Afinal, as fermenta\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o s\u00e3o todas naturais? Ao entrar neste mundo da panifica\u00e7\u00e3o, podemos dizer que, sim \u2013 a partir de um fermento biol\u00f3gico \u2013 toda fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um processo natural. As nomenclaturas normalmente utilizadas podem nos confundir um pouco. O elemento<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":929,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-macronutrientes"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1.png?fit=1080%2C1080&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=928"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":932,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928\/revisions\/932"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/laranjanacolher\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}