{"id":191,"date":"2020-04-08T21:29:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T00:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/paleontologia-numerica\/"},"modified":"2022-07-02T21:29:58","modified_gmt":"2022-07-03T00:29:58","slug":"qua","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/qua\/","title":{"rendered":"Conceitos"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-colibri-id=\"191-c1\" class=\"style-3288 style-local-191-c1 position-relative\">\n  <!---->\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c2\" id=\"reusable-sections-8\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-3289 style-local-191-c2 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <!---->\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c131\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4615 style-local-191-c131 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4616-outer style-local-191-c132-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c132\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4616 style-local-191-c132 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c133\" class=\"style-4617 style-local-191-c133 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c134\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4618 style-local-191-c134 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4619-outer style-local-191-c135-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c135\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4619 style-local-191-c135 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c136\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3318 style-local-191-c136 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3318 style-local-191-c136\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">Potencial de Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Tafonomia Atual\u00edstica<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c3\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3290 style-local-191-c3 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3291-outer style-local-191-c4-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c4\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-2 style-3291 style-local-191-c4 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c5\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3292 style-local-191-c5 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Costumamos pensar em f\u00f3sseis como sendo aqueles ossos reconstitu\u00eddos em grandes esqueletos expostos na sala principal de algum museu de hist\u00f3ria natural, que uma grande equipe de paleont\u00f3logos escavou de rochas com centenas de milh\u00f5es\n                      de anos. Ou em criaturas estranh\u00edssimas, como os trilobitas, que viveram em oceanos h\u00e1 muito desaparecidos. Ou em mam\u00edferos gigantes. Todos extintos. E as vezes em \u201cf\u00f3sseis vivos\u201d, como os ginkgos ou os celacantos, cujas linhagens\n                      resistem ao tempo geol\u00f3gico.<\/p>\n                    <p>Mas \u00e9 poss\u00edvel fazer paleontologia com organismos atuais, vivinhos da silva. Principalmente com aqueles seres que deixam restos mineralizados, como os moluscos, que fazem conchas carbon\u00e1ticas. Justamente porque \u00e9 comparando comunidades\n                      atuais com os restos mortos deixados por seus integrantes que conseguimos estimar a fidelidade do registro fossil\u00edfero. Afinal, na maioria absoluta das vezes, os f\u00f3sseis s\u00e3o formados a partir dos restos mortos, que foram soterrados.\n                      A ci\u00eancia que estuda organismos e comunidades atuais sob a \u00f3tica paleontol\u00f3gica \u00e9 chamada Paleontologia Atual\u00edstica (ou Actuopaleontologia).<\/p>\n                    <p>Da mesma forma, podemos investigar toda a sorte de fatores que afetam as comunidades vivas e seus restos, perguntando o quanto a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o do \u2018futuro\u2019 f\u00f3ssil apresenta boa ou m\u00e1 qualidade. Na praia, encontramos conchas mais \u201cbonitinhas\u201d,\n                      e outras totalmente corro\u00eddas, incrustadas e fragmentadas. Como isso acontece? Quanta informa\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica \u00e9 perdida durante a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o? Fica mais f\u00e1cil estudar isso com organismos atuais, pois podemos medir fen\u00f4menos acontecendo\n                      na nossa frente. O estudo da qualidade da informa\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica presente nos f\u00f3sseis \u00e9 chamado Tafonomia. E, tafonomia com organismos atuais \u00e9 Tafonomia Atual\u00edstica.<\/p>\n                    <p>\n                      <br>\n                    <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3293-outer style-local-191-c6-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c6\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-2 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-0 style-3293 style-local-191-c6 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c7\" class=\"d-block style-3294 style-local-191-c7 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2362\" height=\"1846\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-382 style-3294-image style-local-191-c7-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota.jpg 2362w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota-768x600.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota-1536x1200.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rota-2048x1601.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2362px) 100vw, 2362px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-sm style-3294-frameImage style-local-191-c7-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c8\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3295 style-local-191-c8 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Uma acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de restos mortos \u00e9 produzida a partir de comunidades vivas que s\u00e3o naturalmente heterog\u00eaneas (diferentes cores na imagem). Nem todos organismos vivos deixam restos mortos acumulados no local. Eventualmente, restos mortos\n                      de outras comunidades podem ser carreados. A medida que acontece o soterramento, e \u00e9 formada uma associa\u00e7\u00e3o fossil\u00edfera, mais informa\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica \u00e9 perdida. Por isso, a obten\u00e7\u00e3o de uma amostra f\u00f3ssil e a consequente interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o\n                      biol\u00f3gica e ambiental realizada s\u00e3o tarefas bastante delicadas, pois existem v\u00e1rias fontes de enviesamentos. (A figura foi modificada a partir de Kidwell &amp; Flessa, 1996.)<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c9\" class=\"h-x-container style-3296 style-local-191-c9 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c9-group style-3296-spacing style-local-191-c9-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3297-outer style-local-191-c10-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1146\/annurev.earth.24.1.433\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c10\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3297 style-local-191-c10 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>Kidwell &amp; Flessa (1996)<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c11\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3298 style-local-191-c11 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-start justify-content-md-start justify-content-start align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3299-outer style-local-191-c12-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c12\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3299 style-local-191-c12 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c13\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3300 style-local-191-c13 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3300 style-local-191-c13\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h5 class=\"\">Veja tamb\u00e9m:<\/h5>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c14\" class=\"h-x-container style-3301 style-local-191-c14 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c14-group style-3301-spacing style-local-191-c14-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3302-outer style-local-191-c15-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135838\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c15\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3302 style-local-191-c15 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>Implications of Time-Averaged Death Assemblages for Ecology and Conservation Biology<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c32\" id=\"reusable-sections-3\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-4506 style-local-191-c32 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c46\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4520 style-local-191-c46 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4521-outer style-local-191-c47-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c47\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4521 style-local-191-c47 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c48\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-4522 style-local-191-c48 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-4522 style-local-191-c48\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">Palaeontology&#8217;s greatest ever graphs:<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c49\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-4523 style-local-191-c49 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p> <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c50\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4535 style-local-191-c50 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4536-outer style-local-191-c51-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c51\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4536 style-local-191-c51 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c52\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-4538 style-local-191-c52 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-4538 style-local-191-c52\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h4 class=\"\">Kidwell&#8217;s Model for fossil concentrations<\/h4>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c33\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4544 style-local-191-c33 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4545-outer style-local-191-c34-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c34\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4545 style-local-191-c34 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c35\" class=\"d-block style-4550 style-local-191-c35 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1654\" height=\"1575\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/kidwell.png\" class=\"wp-image-1915 style-4550-image style-local-191-c35-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/kidwell.png 1654w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/kidwell-300x286.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/kidwell-1024x975.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/kidwell-768x731.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/kidwell-1536x1463.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1654px) 100vw, 1654px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-4550-frameImage style-local-191-c35-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c36\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4547 style-local-191-c36 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4548-outer style-local-191-c37-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c37\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4548 style-local-191-c37 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c38\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-4551 style-local-191-c38 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>To understand how fundamental Figure 1, reproduced above, in Kidwell (1985; for short, I will call it K1985F1) is, in my view, for quantitative taphonomy, I need some geographical context. In Southern Brazil, near the Atlantic side\n                      of Mangueira Lagoon, the third largest lagoon of the Rio Grande do Sul State, there is a beach called Praia dos Concheiros (literally \u201cmade of shells\u201d beach). There, Pleistocene\u2013 Holocene mollusk (and other skeleton-bearing organisms)\n                      shells are exposed at the shore. This beach is an exposed, unconsolidated coquina, deposited in an ancient nearshore setting when the sea level was several metres above its present-day position. This place has twice figured on the\n                      cover of the journal PALAIOS (SEPM).<\/p>\n                    <p>Despite the age of this short-lived sea-level highstand deposit being well known (some 6 kyr BP, with some controversies), the shells in Concheiros may be significantly older. During the last 20,000 years, the sea level there rose\n                      from c.160 metres below to c.4 metres above its present&nbsp;position. Little siliciclastics were fed to this temperate basin at the time (the climate was cold and dry, with little weathering), but high benthic productivity induced\n                      by the discharge of the nutrient-rich La Plata River (do not mistake it with the River Plate soccer team) allowed much bioclast input.<\/p>\n                    <p>This shell bed extends offshore. Several elongated, shell-rich banks are known up to depths of 50 metres in the underwater region known as Albard\u00e3o Platform. They result from time intervals when the sea level stabilized, forming beaches,\n                      but the shells were being carried onshore during the last 20 kyrs. To me, this is a perfect scenario to explore the implications of K1985F1. It is easy to grasp how the product of sedimentation rates \u00d7 omission\/winnowing \u00d7 shell\n                      production behaves in the sense of K1985F1\u2019s paradigm, especially when one lives close to a (presently) sediment-starved passive continental margin, such as 30\u00ba3\u201956\u201dS, 51\u00ba14\u201909\u201dW (just a reference).<\/p>\n                    <p><span style=\"color: rgb(70, 112, 127); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">When I first really studied K1985F1, during my PhD, I did not fully realize I was going to be permanently tied to it. The material I used, shells from the topmost sediments of the Southern Brazil Continental Shelf, are still material for ideas I have put in the oven of my mind. My addiction to this figure has also a historical reason. It was published the year before the first issue of PALAIOS was released, inaugurating what I like to think of as \u201cmodern\u201d Taphonomy.<\/span><\/p>\n                    <p><span style=\"color: rgb(70, 112, 127); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">\ufeffThe figure shows a conceptual framework to predict the occurrence of fossil concentrations:&nbsp;&nbsp;It allows interpreting variations in sedimentation rate based mostly on the density of bioclasts and the sharpness of top and base contacts. The dilution by clastic sediment also allows estimating the relative degree of time-averaging.&nbsp;This graph may not reveal a universal pattern explaining from where we have come and where we are going, but it reveals a simple truth (and its deep roots) about the formation of the fossil record, especially in ordinary concentrations: biological remains stay despite sediment removal. It also somehow distorts an important rule of taphonomy, that biological remains behave as sedimentary particles.<\/span><\/p>\n                    <p><span style=\"color: rgb(70, 112, 127); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">\ufeffAs Kidwell stated in 1985, the dynamics of sedimentation shown in this graph have immediate implications for assemblages&nbsp;collected from both fossil-rich and fossil-poor strata.&nbsp;Erosive base and\/or top indicate severe time-averaging, and this probably occurred in the shelly deposits from Praia dos Concheiros and Albard\u00e3o. The graph (and its expanded guide, Kidwell 1986) allowed a chain of events: namely, successive publications that showed an inexorable change in knowledge, which is on the way to becoming a scientific commonsense!&nbsp;&nbsp;Net sedimentation rate is the kernel control of hardpart concentration, preservation state and the degree of ecological resolution interpretable from fossil accumulations.<\/span><\/p>\n                    <p>\ufeffAt least two perspectives may have led Kidwell to the concept of this figure. First, the \u201csimple\u201d realization that \u201cthe less sediment, the more fossils\u201d. High sedimentation rates equal low palaeontological interest, or at least this\n                      is true for non-taphonomists. The other perspective derives from ecological modification of benthic habitats induced by removal of fine sediment and enrichment in large bioclasts, further allowing hard-bottom taxa to establish and\n                      develop. The palaeoecologist\u2019s dream of finding a fossilized ecological succession.<\/p>\n                    <p>Naturally, K1985F1 is more frequently used to examine fossils from marine or coastal accumulations. Fine. But fossiliferous freshwater deposits, including those not mollusk- or other invertebrate-based, can also be (better) explained\n                      under this paradigm. I used the word&nbsp;\u201cparadigm\u201d, because the equation sedimentation rate \u00d7 hardpart production \u00d7 omission\/ winnowing is still under construction. The taphonomic revolution will be complete when all fossil deposits\n                      are proven predicted or predictable by K1985F1. But taphonomists also fear (and expect) dense fossil layers with contrasting patterns in their preservation states or taxonomic composition, because there lie high quantities of interpretable\n                      information. This is my reason to practise taphonomy: to suffer when extracting data and then struggle to ordinate it intelligibly, but never departing from the gem of achieving a comprehensive theory, useful for a broader readership.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c39\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-4558 style-local-191-c39 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-4558 style-local-191-c39\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/318457a0\" h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\">\n                      <h6 class=\"\">KIDWELL, S. M. 1985. Palaeobiological and sedimentological implications of fossil concentrations. Nature, 318, 457\u2013460.<\/h6>\n                    <\/a>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c40\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-4557 style-local-191-c40 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-4557 style-local-191-c40\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/paleobiology\/article\/abs\/models-for-fossil-concentrations-paleobiologic-implications\/B44D0F3B10D7BE472F1B4CB18255F84B\" h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\">\n                      <h6 class=\"\">KIDWELL, S. M. 1986. Models for Fossil Concentrations: Paleobiologic Implications. Paleobiology, 12(1), 6\u201324.<\/h6>\n                    <\/a>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c41\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4515 style-local-191-c41 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-start justify-content-md-start justify-content-start align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4516-outer style-local-191-c42-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c42\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4516 style-local-191-c42 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c43\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-4517 style-local-191-c43 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-4517 style-local-191-c43\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h5 class=\"\">Texto originalmente publicado pela:<\/h5>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c44\" class=\"h-x-container style-4518 style-local-191-c44 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c44-group style-4518-spacing style-local-191-c44-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-4519-outer style-local-191-c45-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.palass.org\/publications\/newsletter\/archive\/108\/newsletter-no-108\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c45\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-4519 style-local-191-c45 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>The Palaeontological Association<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c53\" id=\"reusable-sections-9\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-3320 style-local-191-c53 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c81\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3342 style-local-191-c81 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3343-outer style-local-191-c82-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c82\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3343 style-local-191-c82 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c83\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3344 style-local-191-c83 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3344 style-local-191-c83\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">Paleobiologia da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e as contribui\u00e7\u00f5es da Paleontologia<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c84\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3345 style-local-191-c84 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p> <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c54\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3321 style-local-191-c54 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3322-outer style-local-191-c55-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c55\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-2 style-3322 style-local-191-c55 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c56\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3323 style-local-191-c56 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Como os impactos antropog\u00eanicos nos sistemas ecol\u00f3gicos s\u00e3o antecedentes \u00e0s observa\u00e7\u00f5es cient\u00edficas mais antigas, assim como documentos hist\u00f3ricos e registros arqueol\u00f3gicos, a compreens\u00e3o de altera\u00e7\u00f5es naturais ou antr\u00f3picas modernas\n                      exige fontes de dados adicionais que se estendam a um passado mais remoto. Os registros paleoecol\u00f3gicos, que fornecem registros quantitativos dos ecossistemas antes do impacto humano s\u00e3o essenciais para entender as extin\u00e7\u00f5es recentes\n                      e os riscos futuros de extin\u00e7\u00e3o. Essa nova e emergente abordagem interdisciplinar, intitulada Paleobiologia da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, ainda \u00e9 praticamente desconhecida no Brasil. Mais importante ainda, suas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es e t\u00e9cnicas derivadas\n                      da Paleontologia (particularmente da Tafonomia Atual\u00edstica) s\u00e3o ferramentas muito v\u00e1lidas em um pa\u00eds onde os estudos ecol\u00f3gicos de longo prazo s\u00e3o raros. Enquanto os dados paleoecol\u00f3gicos s\u00e3o censos intrinsecamente restritos de comunidades\n                      passadas (experimentos manipulativos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o poss\u00edveis), eles produzem registros quantitativos em escalas temporais que est\u00e3o al\u00e9m do alcance da ecologia. Somente atrav\u00e9s da inclus\u00e3o de dados paleoecol\u00f3gicos ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel avaliar\n                      plenamente o papel dos processos antropog\u00eanicos de longo prazo sobre comunidades bent\u00f4nicas modernas.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c57\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3324 style-local-191-c57 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3324 style-local-191-c57\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">Veja mais:<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c58\" class=\"h-x-container style-3325 style-local-191-c58 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c58-group style-3325-spacing style-local-191-c58-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3326-outer style-local-191-c59-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/312\/5781\/1806\" target=\"_blank\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c59\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3326 style-local-191-c59 position-relative\" rel=\"noopener\"><!----><!----> <span>Lotze et al. (2006) Depletion, Degradation, and Recovery Potential of Estuaries and Coastal Seas. Science 312(5781:1806-1809.<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c60\" class=\"h-x-container style-3327 style-local-191-c60 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c60-group style-3327-spacing style-local-191-c60-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3328-outer style-local-191-c61-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c61\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3328 style-local-191-c61 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>Kosnik e Kowalewski (2016). Understanding modern extinctions in marine ecosystems: the role of palaeoecological data. Biological Letters  12(4)<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c62\" class=\"h-divider style-3329 style-local-191-c62 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!----><span class=\"h-divider__line style-3329-line style-local-191-c62-line style-3329-line style-local-191-c62-line\"><\/span><\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c63\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3330 style-local-191-c63 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Ainda, voc\u00ea sabia que desde o in\u00edcio desse ano existe uma rede de cientistas em todo o mundo engajados em consolidar essa ci\u00eancia? A rede internacional The Conservation Paleobiology Research Coordination Network&nbsp;visa congregar\n                      esfor\u00e7os com \u00e0 sociedade e os governos locais em prol da conserva\u00e7\u00e3o com uma vis\u00e3o paleontol\u00f3gica. O Prof. Matias Ritter (CECLIMAR, UFRGS) \u00e9 um dos pesquisadores respons\u00e1veis por a\u00e7\u00f5es dessa rede na Am\u00e9rica do Sul. Essa postagem\n                      \u00e9 um projeto participante do Programa Ci\u00eancia na Sociedade Ci\u00eancia na Escola, PROPESQ\/UFRGS.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c64\" class=\"h-x-container style-3331 style-local-191-c64 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c64-group style-3331-spacing style-local-191-c64-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3332-outer style-local-191-c65-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/conservationpaleorcn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c65\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3332 style-local-191-c65 position-relative\" rel=\"noopener\"><!----><!----> <span>Conservation Paleobiology Network<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c66\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3333 style-local-191-c66 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3334-outer style-local-191-c67-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c67\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3334 style-local-191-c67 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c68\" class=\"d-block style-3335 style-local-191-c68 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                              <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                                <!---->\n                                <!---->\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"788\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-04-16-at-22.09.31.jpeg\" class=\"wp-image-950 style-3335-image style-local-191-c68-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-04-16-at-22.09.31.jpeg 940w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-04-16-at-22.09.31-300x251.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-04-16-at-22.09.31-768x644.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/>\n                                <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-3335-frameImage style-local-191-c68-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                              <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3336-outer style-local-191-c69-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c69\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3336 style-local-191-c69 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c70\" class=\"h-x-container style-3337 style-local-191-c70 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c70-group style-3337-spacing style-local-191-c70-spacing\"><span class=\"h-button__outer style-3338-outer style-local-191-c71-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4TFfH9NLyEI&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c71\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-button justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center style-3338 style-local-191-c71 position-relative\" rel=\"noopener\"><!----><!----> <span>Paleocast<\/span><\/a>\n                              <\/span>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c72\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-4347 style-local-191-c72 position-relative\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4348-outer style-local-191-c73-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c73\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4348 style-local-191-c73 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c74\" class=\"h-x-container style-4350 style-local-191-c74 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c74-group style-4350-spacing style-local-191-c74-spacing\"><span class=\"h-button__outer style-4351-outer style-local-191-c75-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uddA4H9kU_8?list=LL\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c75\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-button justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center style-4351 style-local-191-c75 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>Paleobiologia da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o: do Continente ao Oceano<\/span><\/a>\n                              <\/span>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-4349-outer style-local-191-c76-outer\">\n                      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c76\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-4349 style-local-191-c76 position-relative\">\n                        <!---->\n                        <!---->\n                        <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                          <!---->\n                          <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c77\" class=\"d-block style-4352 style-local-191-c77 position-relative h-element\">\n                            <!---->\n                            <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                              <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                                <!---->\n                                <!---->\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/cropped-Logo-II-S_V_P_Q__PNG.webp\" class=\"wp-image-1821 style-4352-image style-local-191-c77-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/cropped-Logo-II-S_V_P_Q__PNG.webp 175w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/cropped-Logo-II-S_V_P_Q__PNG-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/>\n                                <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-lg h-hide-md h-hide-sm style-4352-frameImage style-local-191-c77-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                              <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                          <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3339-outer style-local-191-c78-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c78\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-2 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-0 style-3339 style-local-191-c78 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c79\" class=\"d-block style-3340 style-local-191-c79 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1650\" height=\"1564\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figura-para-facebook.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-860 style-3340-image style-local-191-c79-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figura-para-facebook.jpg 1650w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figura-para-facebook-300x284.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figura-para-facebook-1024x971.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figura-para-facebook-768x728.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figura-para-facebook-1536x1456.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1650px) 100vw, 1650px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-sm style-3340-frameImage style-local-191-c79-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c80\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3341 style-local-191-c80 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>A figura, acima, ilustra a extens\u00e3o temporal e particularidades de diferentes tipos de estudos (parte superior da imagem) no contexto do desenvolvimento cultural humano. Os tipos de registro s\u00e3o classificados como dominantemente de\n                      uma categoria (quadrado preto), parciais (cinza) ou quando n\u00e3o s\u00e3o tipicamente desta categoria (brancos). A largura das barras reflete a abund\u00e2ncia relativa desses dados durante esses per\u00edodos. Os intervalos culturais antr\u00f3picos\n                      s\u00e3o baseados em Lotze et al. (2006). Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o (em tempo real) e experimentos s\u00e3o os registros mais precisos, embora sejam concomitantemente os mais restritos espacial- e temporalmente. Os registros mais longos se estendem no\n                      m\u00e1ximo at\u00e9 o per\u00edodo anterior a Era moderna. Estes registros incluem medidas de CO2 atmosf\u00e9rico, varia\u00e7\u00f5es do n\u00edvel relativo do mar e registros cont\u00ednuos de temperatura. Os Programas Ecol\u00f3gicos de Longa Dura\u00e7\u00e3o (PELDs), raramente\n                      se estendem para per\u00edodos mais antigos do que a globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (1950). De forma geral, as observa\u00e7\u00f5es diretas e cont\u00ednuas, como monitoramento de aves e pl\u00e2ncton s\u00e3o as observa\u00e7\u00f5es ecol\u00f3gicas mais longas. A Lista vermelha da IUCN \u00e9\n                      estendida at\u00e9 o in\u00edcio da era moderna para refletir extin\u00e7\u00f5es documentadas atrav\u00e9s de dados hist\u00f3ricos. Registros arqueol\u00f3gicos e escrituras hist\u00f3ricas possuem lacunas temporais e espaciais, embora se prolonguem temporalmente. Dados\n                      paleoecol\u00f3gicos, assim como informa\u00e7\u00f5es recuperadas de furos de sondagem, embora tamb\u00e9m descont\u00ednuos, s\u00e3o os que possuem a maior extens\u00e3o temporal, muito al\u00e9m da hist\u00f3ria humana. Neste sentido, estes tipos de dados s\u00e3o extremamente\n                      importantes para adquirir perspectivas em longo prazo sobre a din\u00e2mica de esp\u00e9cies, comunidades e ecossistemas<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c85\" id=\"reusable-sections\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-3346 style-local-191-c85 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c97\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3358 style-local-191-c97 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3359-outer style-local-191-c98-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c98\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3359 style-local-191-c98 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c99\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3360 style-local-191-c99 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3360 style-local-191-c99\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">O que \u00e9 Time Averaging?<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c100\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3361 style-local-191-c100 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p> <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c86\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3347 style-local-191-c86 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3348-outer style-local-191-c87-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c87\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-2 style-3348 style-local-191-c87 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c88\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3349 style-local-191-c88 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>O registro f\u00f3ssil \u00e9 caracterizado tanto por raros dep\u00f3sitos contempor\u00e2neos (instant\u00e2neos), quanto por dep\u00f3sitos condensados. Estes \u00faltimos podem conter uma escala temporal de milhares ou at\u00e9 milh\u00f5es de anos de informa\u00e7\u00e3o. Contudo,\n                      a maior parte do registro f\u00f3ssil \u00e9 composta por remanescentes biol\u00f3gicos n\u00e3o contempor\u00e2neos, time-averaged, contidos entre estes dois extremos (Ritter &amp; Erthal, 2016). O time-averaging \u00e9 um t\u00f3pico fundamental na Paleontologia,\n                      uma vez que sua magnitude define a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o temporal do registro f\u00f3ssil e, portanto, a precis\u00e3o dos estudos n\u00e3o somente paleoecol\u00f3gicos como tamb\u00e9m evolutivos.<\/p>\n                    <p>Time-averaging, um processo intr\u00ednseco ao registro f\u00f3ssil, pode ser definido como a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de remanescentes biol\u00f3gicos durante um intervalo de tempo superior \u00e0 vida de um organismo. O conceito de time-averaging, como originalmente\n                      proposto, remete \u00e0 mistura de gera\u00e7\u00f5es biol\u00f3gicas ao longo de um determinado intervalo de tempo.<\/p>\n                    <p>O termo mistura temporal (= temporal mixing), por outro lado, n\u00e3o \u00e9 sin\u00f4nimo de time-averaging. Embora o seu conceito seja amplo e subjetivo, pode ser definido simplesmente como a variabilidade total de idades dentro de uma associa\u00e7\u00e3o\n                      morta\/f\u00f3ssil (ou camada geol\u00f3gica). \u00c9 importante pontuar que devido ao retrabalhamento, organismos de camadas geol\u00f3gicas mais antigas (em termos de milhares ou milh\u00f5es de anos) podem ser adicionados a dep\u00f3sitos mais recentes. Um\n                      exemplo cl\u00e1ssico de retrabalhamento s\u00e3o dentes de dinossauros encontrados em sedimentos do Pale\u00f3geno (Cenozoico). Neste caso, o termo mistura temporal \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m o mais adequado. Time-averaging, contrariamente, remete ao processo espec\u00edfico\n                      de mistura de gera\u00e7\u00f5es durante per\u00edodos de sedimenta\u00e7\u00e3o nula ou muito baixa (numa escala de tempo n\u00e3o superior a milhares de anos).<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3350-outer style-local-191-c89-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c89\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-2 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-0 style-3350 style-local-191-c89 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c90\" class=\"d-block style-3351 style-local-191-c90 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2352\" height=\"1664\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-803 style-3351-image style-local-191-c90-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro.jpg 2352w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro-1536x1087.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Figure-1-Cap.-1-intro-2048x1449.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2352px) 100vw, 2352px\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-sm style-3351-frameImage style-local-191-c90-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c91\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3352 style-local-191-c91 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Magnitudes relativas (eixo x inferior) e absolutas (eixo x superior) de time-averaging comparadas com escalas de processos ecol\u00f3gicos, evolutivos e geol\u00f3gicos (eixo y) (modificada por Ritter &amp; Erthal, 2016 a partir de Erwin, 2006).<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c92\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3353 style-local-191-c92 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3353 style-local-191-c92\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h5 class=\"\">Refer\u00eancias:<\/h5>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c93\" class=\"h-x-container style-3354 style-local-191-c93 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-x-container-inner style-dynamic-191-c93-group style-3354-spacing style-local-191-c93-spacing\"><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3355-outer style-local-191-c94-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1146\/annurev.earth.34.031405.125141\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c94\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3355 style-local-191-c94 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>Erwin (2006)<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span><span class=\"h-link__outer style-3356-outer style-local-191-c95-outer d-inline-flex h-element\"><a h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" href=\"https:\/\/periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br\/ojs\/index.php\/td\/article\/view\/8646318\"  data-colibri-id=\"191-c95\" class=\"d-flex w-100 align-items-center h-link style-3356 style-local-191-c95 position-relative\"><!----><!----> <span>Ritter &amp; Erthal (2016)<\/span><\/a>\n                    <\/span>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c96\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-1 gutters-row-md-1 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-1 gutters-row-v-md-1 gutters-row-v-1 colibri-dynamic-list style-3357 style-local-191-c96 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div data-colibri-component=\"masonry\" class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-start justify-content-md-start justify-content-start align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-1 gutters-col-md-1 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-1 gutters-col-v-md-1 gutters-col-v-1 style-3357-row style-local-191-c96-row\">\n          <!---->\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c101\" id=\"reusable-sections-2\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-3362 style-local-191-c101 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c107\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3368 style-local-191-c107 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3369-outer style-local-191-c108-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c108\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3369 style-local-191-c108 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c109\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3370 style-local-191-c109 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3370 style-local-191-c109\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h3 class=\"\">E o que \u00e9 Tafonomia Quantitativa?<\/h3>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c110\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3371 style-local-191-c110 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p> <\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c102\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3363 style-local-191-c102 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3364-outer style-local-191-c103-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c103\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-0 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-0 v-inner-2 style-3364 style-local-191-c103 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c104\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3365 style-local-191-c104 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"\">\n                    <p>Fen\u00f4menos naturais permitem interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es bastante complexas, e isso \u00e9 particularmente verdade em ci\u00eancias naturais hist\u00f3ricas, como a paleontologia. A tafonomia, que estuda como acontece a fossiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos organismos consideradas\n                      todas as vari\u00e1veis ambientais e biol\u00f3gicas envolvidas, depende muito de ferramentas capazes de remover subjetividades durante a an\u00e1lise cient\u00edfica. Ent\u00e3o, como se faz para determinar, quantitativamente, o grau de influ\u00eancia biol\u00f3gica\n                      e ambiental (pr\u00e9-soterramento), ou sedimentar (durante o soterramento), ou mesmo diagen\u00e9tica (ap\u00f3s o soterramento final), a partir do estado de preserva\u00e7\u00e3o dos f\u00f3sseis? E daqueles restos ainda n\u00e3o soterrados? E de organismos provenientes\n                      de v\u00e1rios subambientes? E de organismos de diferentes grupos taxon\u00f4micos ou ecol\u00f3gicos? Tantas perguntas podem ser sistematicamente respondidas utilizando um ramo da estat\u00edstica j\u00e1 velho conhecido da Ecologia: An\u00e1lise Multivariada.\n                      Dessa forma, fica at\u00e9 f\u00e1cil manusear grandes listas e tabelas de dados com dezenas de vari\u00e1veis biol\u00f3gicas (e.g. t\u00e1xons), vari\u00e1veis tafon\u00f4micas (atributos ou assinaturas \u2013 estados de dano), vari\u00e1veis ambientais (granulometria\/composi\u00e7\u00e3o\n                      do sedimento, padr\u00f5es de paleocorrente ou energia hidrodin\u00e2mica, salinidade, oxigena\u00e7\u00e3o, temperatura&#8230;), tudo isso mensurado numa quantidade bastante grande de amostras ou r\u00e9plicas. \u00c9 razo\u00e1vel denominar esta \u2018\u00e1rea\u2019 da paleontologia\n                      de Tafonomia Quantitativa.<\/p>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3366-outer style-local-191-c105-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c105\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-0 h-px-md-2 h-px-0 v-inner-lg-0 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-0 style-3366 style-local-191-c105 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c106\" class=\"d-block style-3367 style-local-191-c106 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-image__frame-container-outer\">\n                    <div class=\"h-image__frame-container\">\n                      <!---->\n                      <!---->\n                      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/colibri-image-116.png\" class=\"wp-image-132 style-3367-image style-local-191-c106-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n                      <div class=\"h-image__frame h-hide-sm style-3367-frameImage style-local-191-c106-frameImage\"><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div data-colibri-component=\"section\" data-colibri-id=\"191-c111\" id=\"reusable-sections-4\" class=\"h-section h-section-global-spacing d-flex align-items-lg-center align-items-md-center align-items-center style-3372 style-local-191-c111 position-relative\">\n    <!---->\n    <!---->\n    <div class=\"h-section-grid-container h-section-boxed-container\">\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c125\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-2 gutters-row-md-2 gutters-row-0 gutters-row-v-lg-2 gutters-row-v-md-2 gutters-row-v-2 style-3379 style-local-191-c125 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-2 gutters-col-md-2 gutters-col-0 gutters-col-v-lg-2 gutters-col-v-md-2 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-auto h-col-md-auto h-col-auto style-3380-outer style-local-191-c126-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c126\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-2 h-px-md-2 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-2 v-inner-md-2 v-inner-2 style-3380 style-local-191-c126 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-start align-self-md-start align-self-start\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c127\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3381 style-local-191-c127 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3381 style-local-191-c127\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h2 class=\"\">Sugest\u00f5es de softwares<\/h2>\n                  <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c112\" class=\"h-row-container gutters-row-lg-0 gutters-row-md-0 gutters-row-2 gutters-row-v-lg-0 gutters-row-v-md-0 gutters-row-v-2 style-3373 style-local-191-c112 position-relative\">\n        <!---->\n        <div class=\"h-row justify-content-lg-center justify-content-md-center justify-content-center align-items-lg-stretch align-items-md-stretch align-items-stretch gutters-col-lg-0 gutters-col-md-0 gutters-col-2 gutters-col-v-lg-0 gutters-col-v-md-0 gutters-col-v-2\">\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-4 h-col-12 style-3374-outer style-local-191-c113-outer\">\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c113\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-3 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-3 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-3374 style-local-191-c113 position-relative\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n                <!---->\n                <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c114\" class=\"h-icon style-3375 style-local-191-c114 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!----><span class=\"h-svg-icon h-icon__icon style-3375-icon style-local-191-c114-icon\"><!--Icon by Font Awesome (https:\/\/fontawesome.com)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"signal\" viewBox=\"0 0 1792 1896.0833\"><path d=\"M256 1440v192q0 14-9 23t-23 9H32q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-192q0-14 9-23t23-9h192q14 0 23 9t9 23zm384-128v320q0 14-9 23t-23 9H416q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-320q0-14 9-23t23-9h192q14 0 23 9t9 23zm384-256v576q0 14-9 23t-23 9H800q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-576q0-14 9-23t23-9h192q14 0 23 9t9 23zm384-384v960q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-192q-14 0-23-9t-9-23V672q0-14 9-23t23-9h192q14 0 23 9t9 23zm384-512v1472q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-192q-14 0-23-9t-9-23V160q0-14 9-23t23-9h192q14 0 23 9t9 23z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n                <div\n                  data-colibri-id=\"191-c115\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3376 style-local-191-c115 position-relative h-element\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3376 style-local-191-c115\">\n                    <!---->\n                    <!---->\n                    <h5 class=\"\">Pacotes do R<\/h5>\n                  <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c116\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3377 style-local-191-c116 position-relative h-element\">\n                <!---->\n                <!---->\n                <div class=\"\">\n                  <p>Sugest\u00f5es de scripts para sua an\u00e1lise<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-4 h-col-12 style-3374-outer style-local-191-c117-outer\">\n          <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c117\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-3 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-3 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-3374 style-local-191-c117 position-relative\">\n            <!---->\n            <!---->\n            <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n              <!---->\n              <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c118\" class=\"h-icon style-3375 style-local-191-c118 position-relative h-element\">\n                <!----><span class=\"h-svg-icon h-icon__icon style-3375-icon style-local-191-c118-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"cubes\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M256 96l6 2.5 96 38.5 10 4v107.5l86.5 37.5 9.5 4.5v129l-8 5-96 53.5-7.5 4-7.5-3.5-89-44.5-89 44.5-7.5 3.5-7.5-4-96-53.5-8-5v-129l9.5-4.5 86.5-37.5V141l10-4 96-38.5zm0 35l-52.5 20.5L256 172l52.5-20.5zm-80 44v74l64 28.5v-78zm160 0l-64 24.5v78l64-28.5v-74zM160 277l-58 25 58 29 58-28.5zm192 0l-40 17.5-18 8 58 28.5 58-29zM80 326.5V401l64 36v-78.5zm352 0l-64 32V437l64-36v-74.5zm-192 1l-64 31V438l64-32v-78.5zm32 0V406l64 32v-79.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div>\n              <div\n                data-colibri-id=\"191-c119\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3376 style-local-191-c119 position-relative h-element\">\n                <!---->\n                <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3376 style-local-191-c119\">\n                  <!---->\n                  <!---->\n                  <h5 class=\"\">SPSS<\/h5>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c120\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3377 style-local-191-c120 position-relative h-element\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"\">\n                <p>Um dos primeiros softwares complexos para an\u00e1lise estat\u00edstica<\/p>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"h-column h-column-container d-flex h-col-lg-4 h-col-md-4 h-col-12 style-3378-outer style-local-191-c121-outer\">\n        <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c121\" class=\"d-flex h-flex-basis h-column__inner h-px-lg-3 h-px-md-3 h-px-2 v-inner-lg-3 v-inner-md-3 v-inner-2 style-3378 style-local-191-c121 position-relative\">\n          <!---->\n          <!---->\n          <div class=\"w-100 h-y-container h-column__content h-column__v-align flex-basis-100 align-self-lg-center align-self-md-center align-self-center\">\n            <!---->\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c122\" class=\"h-icon style-3375 style-local-191-c122 position-relative h-element\">\n              <!---->\n              <a href=\"http:\/\/folk.uio.no\/ohammer\/past\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" h-use-smooth-scroll=\"true\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"h-svg-icon h-icon__icon style-3375-icon style-local-191-c122-icon\"><!--Icon by Icons8 Line Awesome (https:\/\/icons8.com\/line-awesome)--><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"area-chart\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 545.5\"><path d=\"M448 97v383H64V204.5l19 4 73 14.5 91-60.5 5.5-3.5 6 1 89.5 15 74-58zm-32 65.5l-54 42-5.5 4.5-7-1-90-15-90.5 60.5-5.5 3.5-6.5-1.5-61-12V309l62 25 89-59.5 6.5-4 7.5 2.5 87.5 29 67.5-53.5v-86zm0 127l-54 43-7 5.5-8-3-88-29.5-90 60-7 4.5-8-3-58-23v104h320V289.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c123\" class=\"h-global-transition-all h-heading style-3376 style-local-191-c123 position-relative h-element\">\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"h-heading__outer style-3376 style-local-191-c123\">\n                <!---->\n                <!---->\n                <h5 class=\"\">PAST<\/h5>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div data-colibri-id=\"191-c124\" class=\"h-text h-text-component style-3377 style-local-191-c124 position-relative h-element\">\n              <!---->\n              <!---->\n              <div class=\"\">\n                <p><span style=\"color: rgb(70, 112, 127); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Simples, mas funcional<\/span><\/p>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Potencial de Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Tafonomia Atual\u00edstica Costumamos pensar em f\u00f3sseis como sendo aqueles ossos reconstitu\u00eddos em grandes esqueletos expostos na sala principal de algum museu de hist\u00f3ria natural, que uma grande equipe de paleont\u00f3logos escavou de rochas com centenas de milh\u00f5es de anos. Ou em criaturas estranh\u00edssimas, como os trilobitas, que viveram em oceanos h\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-191","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1996,"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191\/revisions\/1996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/tafoqua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}