TG: cartucho sonoro(por)
UP (variação de): Stereo 8(eng)
UP (variação de): ocho track(spa)
UP (variação de): magazine(spa)
UP (variação de): eight-track tape(eng)
UP (variação de): eight-track cartridge(eng)
UP (variação de): eight-track(eng)
UP (variação de): cartucho de 8 pistas(spa)
UP (variação de): 8-track tape(eng)
UP (variação de): 8-track cartridge(eng)
UP (variação de): 8-Track(eng)
UP (variação de): Stereo 8(eng)
UP (variação de): ocho track(spa)
UP (variação de): magazine(spa)
UP (variação de): eight-track tape(eng)
UP (variação de): eight-track cartridge(eng)
UP (variação de): eight-track(eng)
UP (variação de): cartucho de 8 pistas(spa)
UP (variação de): 8-track tape(eng)
UP (variação de): 8-track cartridge(eng)
UP (variação de): 8-Track(eng)
Definição do conceito
[POR] Cartucho ou Stereo 8 é uma tecnologia de armazenamento de áudio baseada em fita magnética. Um cartucho é semelhante a uma cassete, mas apresenta um tamanho ligeiramente superior. Tem a particularidade de a ser gravado em formato "fechado", ou seja, não é necessário rebobinar visto que assim que atinge o fim recomeça automaticamente do princípio. Possui 4 programas estereofónicos, cada um com duas pistas de áudio, daí o nome Stereo 8, aludindo ao facto de existirem 8 pistas de áudio na fita magnética. | Foi popular nos Estados Unidos entre a segunda metade da década de 1960 e início da década de 1980. Também existiu na Europa, embora tenha sido menos popular. | Os cartuchos eram vendidos já pré-gravados e eram usados inicialmente apenas em rádios automotivos. Posteriormente foram introduzidos leitores portáteis e de sala. |...| Os cartuchos possuem uma fita magnética de 1/4 de polegada de espessura, enrolada de forma contínua à volta de uma única bobina. A junção das duas pontas da fita faz-se através de uma folha de metal de uma polegada de comprimento, utilizada para marcar a mudança de programa. A fita encontra-se dividida em 8 pistas magnéticas, 2 para cada programa estéreo.| ... | Organização dos programas na fita - Os programas estão organizados na fita da seguinte forma: Programa 1: Pistas 1 e 5 | Programa 2: Pistas 2 e 6 | Programa 3: Pistas 3 e 7 | Programa 4: Pistas 4 e 8 | - Quando se muda de programa, a cabeça move-se, alinhando-se com as pistas certas. Note-se que a mudança de programa tanto pode ser feita automaticamente (como descrito mais acima) ou manualmente, através de um botão existente nos leitores para esse efeito. | FONTE: Cartucho (àudio) in: Wikipedia. Disponível em : https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartucho_(%C3%A1udio) Acesso em : 27 nov. 2022
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[SPA] cartucho de 8 pistas | magazine | ocho track | Cartucho de 8 pistas | El cartucho de 8 pistas (también llamado "magazine" en Argentina1? u "ocho track" en España) es un dispositivo para la reproducción y grabación de sonido, basado en una cinta magnética de 1/4 de pulgada (6,35 mm) de ancho, popular desde mediados de los años 1960 hasta principios de los 1980. | Fue creado en 1964 por un consorcio encabezado por Bill Lear de la Corporación Lear Jet, en unión con las empresas Ampex, Ford, Motorola y RCA Records. | Cartuchos estereofónicos | Estos cartuchos cuentan con 4 programas estereofónicos, es decir, las 8 pistas de la cinta están agrupadas en 4 pares de 2 canales (el canal del altavoz de la izquierda y el de la derecha). Estos cartuchos son los más comunes. | Cartuchos cuadrafónicos (Q8) | Esquema de las pistas de un cartucho cuadrafónico | Estos cartuchos cuentan con 2 programas cuadrafónicos, es decir, las 8 pistas están agrupadas en 2 grupos de 4 canales cada uno (el canal del altavoz frontal izquierdo, el del altavoz trasero izquierdo, el del altavoz frontal derecho, y el del altavoz trasero derecho). | FUENTE : Cartucho de 8 pistas Disponible en : Cartucho de 8 pistas in: Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartucho_de_8_pistas Acceso en : 27 nov. 2022
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[ENG] The 8-track tape (formally Stereo 8; commonly called eight-track cartridge, eight-track tape, and eight-track) is a magnetic-tape sound recording technology that was popular from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s, when the compact cassette tape, which pre-dated the 8-track system, surpassed it in popularity for pre-recorded music. The format is obsolete and was relatively unknown outside the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Mexico, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and Japan. The main advantage of the 8-track tape cartridge was that it did not have to be "flipped over" to play other tracks. | The Stereo 8 Cartridge was created in 1964 by a consortium led by Bill Lear, of Lear Jet Corporation,[6] along with Ampex, Ford Motor Company, General Motors, Motorola, and RCA Victor Records (RCA - Radio Corporation of America). It was a further development of the similar Stereo-Pak four-track cartridge, which had been introduced by pioneering businessman and engineer Earl "Madman" Muntz, who promoted and sold consumer electronics to the American public at the time. Lear had tried to create an endless-loop wire recorder in the 1940s but gave up in 1946, only to be re-inspired by Muntz´s four-track design in 1963. Muntz´s design had itself been adapted from the Fidelipac cartridge, which in turn had been developed by George Eash. A later quadraphonic version of the format, with four-channel sound, as opposed to earlier, more widely used stereo/two-channel sound, was announced by RCA in April 1970 and called first Quad-8 and later Q8. | SOURCE: 8-track tape in: WIkipedia Available at : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-track_tape Accessed : 27 nov. 2022
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[ENG] 8-Track (Stereo 8) | 8-Track (Stereo 8) (1964 – 1988) | 8-Track (also known as Stereo 8) was a magnetic tape endless-loop cartridge format for music, created in 1964 by a consortium headed by the Learjet Corporation, that also included Ampex, Ford, General Motors, Motorola, and RCA. | It was developed from the 4-Track (Stereo-Pak) cartridge, which was itself a development of the Fidelipac cartridge. Unlike the 4-Track cartridge, the pinch roller was incorporated into the cartridge itself, reducing the complexity of the player. The cartridge was also simplified, with the removal of the tape tensioning mechanism, and the interlock that prevented tape spillage. | The ¼-inch tape was coated with a slippery coating, usually graphite, to allow it to be pulled from the centre of the reel from where it passed across the opening at one end of the cartridge and wound back onto the outside of the same reel. The spool itself was freewheeling and the tape was driven only by tension from the capstan and pinch roller. The tape could not be rewound. | As its name suggests, the 8-Track has 8 tracks for 4 stereo programmes, and could switch between programmes automatically, with the use of a small length of conductive foil at the splice joint on the tape, which would cause the player to change tracks as it passed the head assembly by shifting the tape head. This did mean however, that albums needed to be divided into 4 programmes rather than 2 sides as on an LP, and some songs were split into two parts, or song orders shuffled. | The booming car industry in the US meant 4 and 8-Track players were popular, with Ford offering 8-Track players across its range by 1967. Some players could handle both 4 and 8-Track cartridges, but the support of the car industry meant that 8-Track won out by 1970. | Home players were introduced in 1966, and quadraphonic 8-Tracks (Q8) were introduced in 1970. Home 8-Track recorders were also available for a time, but failed to gain widespread popularity. | Cartridges suffered from jamming, and wow and flutter, and these problems became worse later as manufacturers used cheaper materials such as plastic pinch rollers. As the Compact Cassette became a viable high-fidelity format, record companies were quick to abandon 8-Track. | In the US, 8-Tracks were phased out of retail stores in 1982, but some titles remained available from record clubs until as late as 1988. The last mainstream release on 8-Track was Fleetwood Mac’s Greatest Hits, but some independent artists still release 8-Tracks. | SOURCE : MUSEUM OF OBSOLETE MEDIA. Data Base. Available at : https://obsoletemedia.org/8-track/ Accessed : 27 nov. 2022
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[ENG] 8-track | 8-track | Synonyms : Stereo 8 ; 8-track tape/cartridge | Dates : 1964 – early 1980s | Common Size(s) : Tape width: ¼" ; Cassette: 5¼" × 4" × ?" | Description : The 8-track cartridge (or Stereo 8) is a magnetic tape-based recorded sound format that was used exclusively for commercially releases. As a result, its content is likely not unique. The tape is composed of magnetic particles or pigment, binder, and a polyester base. Ferric oxide is the most common pigment; other pigments include chromium dioxide, metal particle, and metal evaporated tape. Cartridge dimensions are generally 5¼" × 4" × ?" with a tape width of ¼". | Composition : Polyester magnetic tape enclosed in a plastic cartridge | SOURCE : PSAP - Preservation Self-Assessment Program. Collection. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Available at : https://psap.library.illinois.edu/collection-id-guide/audiotape#8track Accessed : 27 nov. 2022
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