Dietary differentiation in relation to mouth and tooth morphology of a neotropical characid fish community

Karine Orlandi Bonato, Edward D. Burress,  Clarice Bernhardt Fialho

Abstract

The relationship between diet and mouth and tooth morphology among eleven characid species is evaluated herein. Specifically, we tested for: (1) significant differences among the diets and (2) corresponding variation of mouth and tooth morphology. Fishes were collected bimonthly during 2012 and 2013 using electrofishing techniques in the Alto Jacuí sub-basin. A total of 1525 stomachs were analyzed representing eleven species of characid fishes. A Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) analysis showed significant interspecific differences among the diets, and Similarity Percentage (SIMPER) analysis indicated that the main food items that contributed to this differentiation were variation in the relative consumption of terrestrial and aquatic plants, terrestrial and unidentified aquatic insect, and adult Hymenoptera. Lastly, Constrained Principal Analysis on Coordinates (CAP) analyses showed that several morphological features were associated with dietary patterns. For example, sub-terminal mouth positions were correlated with the ingestion of benthic items (i.e., aquatic insects and organic matter). Large mouths were associated with species that consume large items such as Decapoda (e.g., Aegla) and fish. Species that showed a minor variation in tooth morphology along the outer row of the premaxilla, as well as those that have fewer teeth on the maxilla, consumed high proportions of plants and terrestrial insects. Species with intermediate and high numbers of cusps in the maxilla teeth tended to consume aquatic insects. Here, we demonstrated that eleven species of characid fishes had different diets and that those diets were correlated to a specific mouth and tooth morphology. Therefore, diet and oral morphology likely co-evolved such that divergence in trophic-related morphology likely facilitated dietary differentiation among characid fishes.

Artigo completo:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044523117300037

Fig: Ordination of the Characidae species in the Alto Jacuí sub-basin, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, produced by the first two axes of the Constrained Principal Analysis on Coordinates (CAP1 and CAP2) applied to the correlation of six morphological tooth features and items ingested by the species. Morphological features: PM = mouth position, SM = mouth size, NTOR = number of teeth in outer row, NTIR = number of teeth in inner row, NCM = number of cusps on maxilla, NTM = number of teeth on maxilla. Items categories: ai = unidentified aquatic insects, ti = unidentified terrestrial insects, oa = other aquatic invertebrates, ot = other terrestrial invertebrates, mi = microcrustaceans, tp = terrestrial plants, ap = aquatic plants, al = algae, se = sediment, mo = organic matter, ta = Testae Amoebae, de = detritus, fi = fish.

 

Alunos e professores do Laboratório de Ictiologia da UFRGS apresentam seus resultados de pesquisas no ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE ICTIOLOGIA, EBI 2017 – XXII – Porto Seguro.

Do 29 de Janeiro até 03 de fevereiro foi realizado EBI 2017, com a participação de aproximadamente 900 pesquisadores de diferentes nacionalidades. Alunos e professores do laboratório de ictiologia da UFRGS, apresentaram seus resultados de pesquisas em formato pôster e oral. Oito trabalhos em formato pôster destacando temas como descrição de espécies novas, parasites de peixes, diversidade, ecologia alimentar entre outros. Além, foram apresentados Seis trabalhos em formato oral com temas de biologia alimentar, descrição de espécies novas, influências ontogênicas na alimentação de peixes, evolução e biogeografia, e novas metodologias para o estudo de peixes pequenos. Todos estes resultados preliminares serão parte de artigos proximamente publicados.

Poster:

  • UMA NOVA ESPÉCIE DO GÊNERO ITUGLANIS COSTA & BOCKMANN, 1993 DA BACIA DO RIO URUGUAI (SILURIFORMES: TRICHOMYCTERIDAE). Laura Modesti Donin, Juliano Ferrer.
  • NOVA ESPECIE DE Heptapterus Bleeker 1858 (SILURIFORMES: HEPTAPTERIDAE) DA BACIA DO RIO URUGUAI.  Dario R. Faustino-Fuster, Luiz R. Malabarba, Flavio A. Bockmann
  • COMPOSIÇÃO E ESTRUTURA DA ICTIOFAUNA DO RIO CORRIENTES (LORETO, PERU).   Dario R. Faustino-Fuster, Vanessa Meza-Vargas, Enrique Pareja, Jorge Garnillo
  • DIVERSIDADE DE MONOGENEA (PLATYHELMINTHES) EM BRÂNQUIAS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES SIMPÁTRICAS DE OLIGOSARCUS (CHARACIFORMES: CHARACIDAE), RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL.  Emília Welter Wendt, Suzana B. Amato
  • ESTRUTURAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE RHINOXENUS ARIENTINUS (PLATYHELMINTHES: MONOGENEA) PARASITANDO NARINAS DE LEPORINUS OBTUSIDENS (CHARACIFORMES: ANOSTOMIDAE) NO LAGO GUAÍBA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL.  Emília Welter Wendt, Cassandra M. Monteiro, Suzana B. Amato
  • PEIXES DE RIACHOS NEOTROPICAIS DE PEQUENA ORDEM DA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO IJUÍ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL.  Laísa Wociechoski Cavalheiro, Clarice Bernhardt Fialho P.
  • DUAS NOVAS ESPÉCIES DE BAGRES SUL AMERICANOS DO GÊNERO GLANIDIUM (SILURIFORMES: AUCHENIPTERIDAE: CENTROMOCHLINAE) NO SISTEMA DA LAGOA DOS PATOS, AO SUL DO BRASIL.  Luisa Maria Sarmento Soares Filho, Bárbara Borges Calegari, Ronaldo Fernando Martins Pinheiro, Luiz Roberto Malabarba.
  • FOOD WEB ANALYSIS OF FLOODPLAIN LAKES WITH SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY FROM THE AMPIYACU RIVER, PERUVIAN AMAZON BASIN.  Leonardo Capitani,  Junior Chuctaya

Oral :

  • BIOLOGIA ALIMENTAR DO PEIXE CHARACIDIUM PTEROSTICTUM GOMES 1947 NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO IJUÍ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL.  Amanda Antunes De Souza Santos, Laísa Wociechoski Cavalheiro, Clarice Bernhardt Fialho.
  • AS INFLUÊNCIAS ONTOGENÉTICAS NA ALIMENTAÇÃO DO LAMBARI Astyanax paris Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta 2002 (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE) NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO IJUÍ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL. Laísa Wociechoski Cavalheiro, Clarice Bernhardt Fialho.
  • ANÁLISE TAXONÔMICA INTEGRATIVA DAS ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO ITUGLANIS COSTA & BOCKMANN, 1993 NAS DRENAGENS DO EXTREMO SUL DO BRASIL. Laura Modesti Donin, Juliano Ferrer, Rafael Costa Angrizani, Luiz Roberto Malabarba.
  • EVOLUÇÃO E BIOGEOGRAFIA DE SCOLOPLACIDADE NA REGIÃO NEOTROPICAL (SILURIFORMES, LORICARIOIDEA). Marcelo Salles Rocha, Joyce Ieda Galvão, Tiago Carvalho, Lúcia Rapp Py-Daniel
  • PEIXES RAROS E O USO DA TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO NO ESTUDO DA DIVERSIDADE DE ASPREDINIDAE (ACTINOPTERYGII: SILURIFORMES). Tiago Pinto Carvalho.
  • REVISÃO TAXONÔMICA DO GÊNERO ODONTOSTILBE COPE 1870 (CHARACIDAE: CHEIRODONTINAE) DA BACIA DO RIO DA PRATA. Junior Chuctaya , Luiz Roberto Malabarba

 

Life history of Gymnotus refugio (Gymnotiformes; Gymnotidae): an endangered species of weakly electric fish

Aline Salvador Vanin, Julia Giora researchgate logo & Clarice Bernhardt Fialho researchgate logo

Abstract

The present study describes the life history of Gymnotus refugio, a species classified as Endangered in the last published list of threatened species of the Brazilian fauna. The study was conducted at a conservation unity that protect one of the last remaining semideciduous forests in the region. The reproductive period was estimated as occurring from the end of winter to the last summer months. Gymnotus refugio exibited fractional spawning, the lowest relative fecundity registered among the Gymnotifomes species studied at the present, and male parental care behavior. The analyses showed a seasonal pattern on the species diet, associating different food categories to winter, autumn, and spring. According to food items analysis and estimated intestinal quotient, G. refugio was classified as invertivorous, feeding mainly on autochthonous insects. The results obtained herein suggest that the position of G. refugio as an Endangered species might be influenced by its territoriality, habitat specificity, parental care behavior, and low fecundity, reinforcing the importance of swampy forest environment conservation as the only means of the species maintenance.

Artigo completo: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10641-016-0556-z

 

https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10641-016-0556-z/MediaObjects/10641_2016_556_Fig3_HTML.gif

Fig. Histological sections of Gymnotus refugio ovaries in different gonadal maturation phases. (a) Immature. (b) Early developing. (c) Mid developing. (d) Late developing. * oogonias, pg primary growth oocytes, ca cortical alveolar oocytes, vtg1 primary vitellogenic oocytes, vtg2 secundary vitellogenic oocytes, vtg3 tertiray vitellogenic oocytes

A new species of the blind and miniature genus Micromyzon Friel and Lundberg, 1996 (Silurifomes: Aspredinidae) from the Orinoco River: describing catfish diversity using high-resolution computed tomography

Carvalho, T.P researchgate logo., Lundberg, J.G., Baskin, J.N., Friel, J.P. & Reis, R.E.

ABSTRACT

A new species of the aspredinid catfish tribe Hoplomyzontini Micromyzon is described from two specimens collected with trawl nets in two localities, at 10 and 18 m depth, in the main channel of the lower Orinoco River in Venezuela almost 40 years ago. The new species is distinguished from its only congener, Micromyzon akamai, by the: straight anterior margin of the mesethmoid; open posterior cranial fontanel; ossified first pectoral-fin radial; single tubular infraorbital bone; infraorbital sensory canal entering neurocranium via the frontal; enclosed foramen for the abductor superficialis muscle in the coracoid; higher vertebral count (33 vs. 28–32); higher anal-fin ray count (10 or 11 vs. 7–9); and some morphometric features. The holotype of the new species was scanned using High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography to illustrate, describe, and compare its bony skeleton to other hoplomyzontins.

Artigo completo: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1635/053.165.0104

Fig. 1.Micromyzon orinoco, holotype, ANSP 198335, 15.6 mm SL, Río Orinoco, deep channel upstream of Los Barrancos, ca. 183 nautical miles from sea buoy in Boca Grande navigation channel, Anzoátegui, Venezuela, 08°21′N 062°43′W. Dorsal, left side lateral and ventral views.

 

New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) -extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Marcelo R. Britto , Clayton K. Fukakusa , Luiz R. Malabarba

Resumo:

O gênero Scleromystax inclui espécies distribuídas nas diversas bacias hidrográficas costeiras entre o sul do Estado da Bahia e o sul do Estado de Santa Catarina. O exame de exemplares de Scleromystax coletados nos sistema da laguna dos Patos revelou um novo táxon, estendendo a distribuição do gênero para o limite austral da Mata Atlântica. A nova espécie difere de seus congêneres pelo segundo infraorbital expandido ventralmente. Também se distingue, exceto de S. macropterus e S. salmacis, por manchas castanho-escuras alongadas e oblíquas ao longo do corpo; espécimes grandes apresentando a fontanela craniana completamente oclusa, restando somente uma depressão superficial; e características de dimorfismo sexual inconspícuas, i.e. região pré-opercular semelhante em machos e fêmeas, e nadadeiras dorsal e peitoral dos machos sutilmente mais longa que das fêmeas. No presente estudo, o registro de S. salmacis é estendido até a drenagem do rio Tramandaí.

Artigo completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20150158

Fig. 1. Scleromystax reisi, holotype, male, MCP 49070, 49.3 mm SL, arroio Demétrio, Morungava, Gravataí, RS, Brazil.

Rediscovery of the holotype of Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau 1855, a senior synonym of Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner 1887) (Characiformes: Characidae)

Priscilla Caroline Silva & Luiz Roberto Malabarba

The description of Tetragonopterus vittatus presented by Francis L. Castelnau (1855) was very concise and apparently based on a single specimen (not explicitly stated in the text, but deducible according to the single counts for the meristic data presented in the description). The type locality is recorded simply as “Bahia”, with no specification of the drainage or nearby city. The existence of type specimens has been considered unknown (Lima et al., 2003; Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2015; Lucena & Soares, 2016), and have not been mentioned in published catalogues for type specimens of MNHN (e.g. Bertin, 1948).

Artigo completo:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4132.2.6

FIGURE 1. MNHN 0000-3088, holotype of Tetragonopterus vittatus

FIGURE 2. The original drawing of the holotype of Tetragonopterus vittatus presented in Castelnau (1855).

A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes)

Marcelo Loureiro , Matías Zarucki  , Luiz R. Malabarba , Iván González-Bergonzoni

 ABSTRACT

We describe a new species of a substrate-brooding Gymnogeophagus , based on coloration characters. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining substrate-brooding species in the genus by the unique pigmentation of the dorsal fin which consists of light blue, diagonal stripes over a red background in the spiny section and a combination of round, elliptic, and elongated bright blue spots over a red background in the soft section. It can be further distinguished from all other species of Gymnogeophagus by the following combination of characters: a discontinuous bright blue band above the upper lateral line in the humeral area, light blue roundish spots over a red to orange background on the anal fin, and conspicuous bright blue horizontal bands on body. The new species inhabits a wide range of freshwater habitats in the lower rio Uruguay basin, Rio de la Plata coastal drainages and Atlantic Ocean coastal drainages in Uruguay.

Artigo completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20150082

Fig. 2 Non-type live specimens of (A) Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura from rio Santa Lucía basin, Canelones Department, Uruguay, (B) G. rhabdotus and (C) G. meridionalis. (B) and (C) both from rio Negro basin, Tacuarembó Department, Uruguay. 

 

Serrapinnus zanatae, a new species from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae)

Fernando C. Jerep, Priscila Camelier & Luiz R. Malabarba

Abstract

Serrapinnus zanatae, new species, is described from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, an eastern Brazilian coastal drainage. It is diagnosed from its congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of premaxillary teeth with 7-9 cusps; 11-13 parallel spatulated ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays; incomplete lateral line; absence of a  black blotch on the dorsal fin; absence of a dark longitudinal stripe extending over the pseudotympanum to the  caudal peduncle; absence of a black spot on the posteroventral region of the abdomen; caudal-fin spot oval and  horizontally elongated not extending to dorsal and ventral margins of the caudal peduncle; sexually dimorphic  males without unbranched dorsal-, pelvic-, and anal-fin rays extended as filaments. Serrapinnus zanatae and  Aci­nocheirodon melanogramma  are the only known cheirodontines to inhabit the rio Jequitinhonha basin

Artigo completo:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299820921_Serrapinnus_zanatae_a_new_species_from_the_rio_Jequitinhonha_basin_Minas_Gerais_State_Brazil_Teleostei_Characidae_Cheirodontinae.

Fig. 1. Serrapinnus zanatae, MZUSP 116000, holotype, male, 36.8 mm SL; Brazil: Minas Gerais State: rio Jequitinhonha basin.

Fig. 2. Serrapinnus zanatae; MZUSP 5133, paratype male, 36.8 mm SL; clear and stained jaws showing left side of premaxilla, maxilla and dentary. Lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar 1 mm.

Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America —a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

VINICIUS A. BERTACO, JULIANO FERRER, FERNANDO R. CARVALHO, LUIZ R. MALABARBA

Resumo: Neste artigo analisamos a história da descrição dos peixes de água doce de três drenagens em uma das áreas mais densamente amostradas do Brasil e possivelmente da América do Sul, o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Um inventário atualizado das espécies de peixes de água doce do rio Uruguai (parcial) no Brasil, Laguna dos Patos (completo) e bacia do rio Tramandaí (completo) é apresentado. O número de novas espécies descritas para estas drenagens aumentou quase 56% desde 1981, atingindo um total de 422 espécies, mas mesmo assim cerca de 10% desse número corresponde ainda a espécies não descritas. Esta taxa de descrição de espécies supera todas as estimativas anteriores de espécies não descritas na ictiofauna neotropical, e podemos prever um número final de espécies neotropicais maior do que a maior previsão disponível (8.000 espécies), quando outras regiões Sul e Centro-Americanas tornarem-se densamente amostradas. Discutimos e demonstramos que o conhecimento da diversidade das espécies é historicamente estritamente relacionado ao esforço de coleta. Também demonstramos que as ecorregiões no leste da América do Sul com a maior densidade de espécies por área correspondem às áreas mais densamente amostradas em coleções, e isso pode representar um viés nesse

Artigo completo: http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4138.3.1

FIGURE 4. Number of freshwater fish species per family in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

FIGURE 6. Serrapinnus kriegi, UFRGS 20135, 20.2 mm SL, rio Ibicuí, tributary of the rio Uruguay; new record for the state of Rio Grande do Sul.