TG: bitola cinematográfica(por)
UP (variação de): super 8(eng)
UP (variação de): super-8(spa)
UP (variação de): super-8(por)
UP (variação de): super 8(eng)
UP (variação de): super-8(spa)
UP (variação de): super-8(por)
Definição do conceito
[POR ] super 8 mm | Super-8 | Super-8 (ou Super 8 mm) é um formato cinematográfico desenvolvido nos anos 1960 e lançado no mercado em 1965 pela Kodak, como um aperfeiçoamento do antigo formato 8 mm, mantendo a mesma bitola. | O filme tem 8 milímetros de largura, exatamente o mesmo que o antigo padrão 8 mm, e também tem perfurações de apenas um lado, mas as suas perfurações são menores, permitindo um aumento na área de exposição da película, e portanto mais qualidade de imagem. O formato Super-8 ainda reserva uma área, no lado oposto ao das perfurações, onde uma pista magnética permite a gravação sincronizada do som. | O Sistema Super-8 da Kodak | CARTUCHO | O filme Super-8 da Kodak é distribuído em cartuchos plásticos à prova de luz contendo dois batoques coaxiais, um para o filme virgem e outro para o filme exposto, carregados com 50 pés de filme. Estes 3 600 fotogramas permitem 2 minutos e 30 segundos de exposição ao padrão profissional de 24 quadros por segundo, ou 3 minutos e 20 segundos ao padrão alternativo (amador) de 18 quadros por segundo. Durante algum tempo, a Kodak também colocou no mercado um cartucho Super-8 de 200 pés, com 4 vezes mais filme, que podia ser carregado em câmaras especiais. | O cartucho de Super-8 pode ser carregado na câmara em poucos segundos, sem a necessidade de tocar no filme. Além disso, um código de entalhes na face interna dos cartuchos permite que a câmara identifique a sensibilidade do filme para ajuste automático. | Super-8 Duplo | Super-8 Duplo (normalmente abreviado para DS8) é um filme de 16 mm de largura, mas com perfurações de Super-8. A opção, distribuída nos anos 1970 e 1980, exigia uma câmara especial, que permitia que o filme rodasse duas vezes, expondo um lado de cada vez. Depois, no laboratório, o filme seria revelado e cortado ao meio, formando uma única tira de Super-8 para projeção. Graças às perfurações dos dois lados, o Super-8 Duplo tinha uma imagem mais estável que a do Super-8. | | FONTE : Super-8 in: Wikipedia. Disponível em : https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-8 Acceso em : 26 nov. 2022
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[SPA] super-8 | Super-8 es un formato cinematográfico que utiliza película de 8 mm de ancho. | Nació pensado para el mercado doméstico, aunque en manos de aficionados y de modestos cineastas alcanzó un gran nivel. Con la llegada de los nuevos sistemas de registro de imágenes sobre cinta magnética —lo que comúnmente se llama vídeo— su uso cayó en picado. Actualmente se utiliza entre directores de cortometrajes y artistas de vídeo para obtener una estética diferente al vídeo. | El Doble Super-8 | Junto con el Super-8, la Eastman Kodak lanzó el Doble Super-8. La idea era la misma que para el Doble 8. La película era de 16 mm de ancho aunque con las perforaciones de Super-8. Una vez filmada por una mitad y por otra, se revelaba y se dividía en dos. La casa encargada de hacer cámaras para este sistema fue la compañía francesa Pathé Frères, competidora de la Eastmann Kodak, pero que con el tiempo fue comprada por ésta. Eran cámaras pensadas para aficionados que buscaban una mayor calidad de imagen y preparadas para usar rollos de hasta 120 metros de película. | La primera cámara para esta variante de Super-8 fue la Pathé DS8/BTL Professional Reflex, la cual disponía de una torreta triple de objetivos intercambiables. La montura era de tipo C y los objetivos estándares eran Angenieux f/1.9 8-64 mm y f/1.2 6-90 mm. El obturador era variable y se podían cerrar por sectores. La cadencia de filmación llegaba hasta los 80 fps (fotogramas por segundo). | FUENTE : Super-8. in: Wikipedia. Disponible en : https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-8 Acceso en : 26 nov. 2022
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[ENG] super 8 mm | 2.1 FILM GAUGES | REGULAR 8MM AND SUPER 8MM. Another common gauge in repositories is 8mm, often called Regular 8mm, which was introduced by Kodak in 1932 for home moviemakers. Many 8mm cameras use a spool or magazine containing 16mm film stock that is perforated with twice as many sprocket holes per foot as normal 16mm. When the film is sent to the laboratory for processing, it is slit to create two 8mm strips. Thus, 16mm and 8mm film have the same-size sprocket holes. | Super 8mm, first sold in 1965, brought an important innovation. It reduced the size of the sprocket holes, leaving more area for the picture. Super 8mm is used by ama teurs and professionals and has won a following among avant-garde filmmakers. | SOURCE : NATIONAL FILM PRESERVATION FOUNDATION. The Film preservation guide : the basics for archives, libraries, and museums. San Francisco, California : National Film Preservation Foundation, 2004. p. 6-8 Available at : https://ia803402.us.archive.org/31/items/david-wells-2004-the-film-preservation-guide/David%20Wells%20-%20%5B2004%5D%20-%20The%20Film%20Preservation%20Guide.pdf Accessed : 24 nov. 2022
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[ENG] super 8 mm film | Super 8 film | Super 8 mm film is a motion-picture film format released in 1965 by Eastman Kodak as an improvement over the older "Double" or "Regular" 8 mm home movie format. | The film is nominally 8 mm wide, the same as older formatted 8 mm film, but the dimensions of the rectangular perforations along one edge are smaller, which allows for a greater exposed area. The Super 8 standard also allocates the border opposite the perforations for an oxide stripe upon which sound can be magnetically recorded. | Unlike Super 35 (which is generally compatible with standard 35 mm equipment), the film stock used for Super 8 is not compatible with standard 8 mm film cameras. | There are several varieties of the film system used for shooting, but the final film in each case has the same dimensions. The most popular system by far was the Kodak system. || Double Super 8 || Double Super 8 film (commonly abbreviated as DS8 or DS 8) is a 16 mm wide film but has Super 8 size sprockets. | Double Super 8 for amateurs In amateur DS8 cameras, the film is used in the same way as standard 8 mm film in that the film is run through the camera twice, exposing one side on each pass. During processing, the film is split down the middle, and the two pieces spliced together to produce a single strip for projection in a Super 8 projector. | The advantages of this system are the possibility of higher frame rates and rewinding film for double exposures or crossfades, which were very difficult or impossible with the super 8 film cartridges but possible with cameras using film spools. Since the film doesn´t follow a diagonal path through the stacked spools of the super 8 cassette, the pin-registration of DS8 is considered to be superior to that of Super 8 film, and so picture stability is better. | Also, camera manufacturers could use models already in production for double 8 mm film by enlarging the gate and slightly modifying the advancement mechanism for the use with Double Super 8 film (see comparison pictures in this segment). | Double Super 8 for film-makers DS8 can also be used as an alternative film stock in modified 16 mm cameras and projectors, which allows for larger image sizes due to the narrower super 8 sprockets. Some of the formats taking advantage of this are Max DS8 and Ultra DS8. || Widescreen Super8 and Max8 || As Super 8 progressed to be used in HD and theatrical applications, a need arose for widescreen compatibility without having to use expensive optical adapters or excessive cropping. Since magnetic sound-striped film was no longer available, that area of the film could be used to expand the picture aspect ratio in a process similar to the creation of Super 16 from standard 16 mm film. The creators of Sleep Always experimented with widening the camera gate to expose into the sound track region to achieve this. | In March 2005, Pro8mm introduced its own version of the widened gate, achieving aspect ratio of 1.58 and calling it Max8. Because top and bottom of the frame are meant to be cropped to achieve final 16:9 aspect ratio, the viewfinder is modified to show 16:9 frame markings. Pro8mm claims that shooting with Max8 and then cropping it to achieve 16:9 provides 20% increase in the size of the negative compared to regular Super8 cropped to 16:9. | In 2015, Logmar of Denmark made a one-off batch of 50 "digicanical" pro-level Super 8 cameras to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Super 8. These cameras use a widened gate as well, providing an 11% increase in imaging area over the standard Super 8 frame and achieving aspect ratio of 1.5. | In 2016, Eastman Kodak showed a concept for a new Super 8 camera, its first such camera in over 30 years. Although Kodak has neither confirmed nor denied it, Logmar is said to have assisted in the design of the transport and the camera´s firmware. A working prototype was displayed at the 2017 Consumer Electronics Show, with Kodak hoping to begin production in spring 2017. However, nothing has been heard from Kodak concerning the camera, and the project is considered by many in the Super 8 community to be dead. | SOURCE : Super 8 film in: Wikipedia. Available at : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_8_film Accessed : 26 nov. 2022
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Nota de exemplo
Exemplo
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[ENG] super 8 mm || Viewing print: 1 cartridge of 1 (160 ft., 8 min.) ; super 8 mm. : S., col., sd. || Reference print: 1 cartridge of 1 (ca. 60 m.) ; super 8 mm. : S., col., sd. || SOURCE : FIAF. The FIAF caloguing rules for film archives. Compiled and edited by Harriet W. Harrison for the FIAF Cataloguing Commission. München : K?G?Saur, 1991. p. 77 and 89
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