TG: material (cilindro sonoro)(por)
UP (é traduzido por): cilindro de celuloide(spa)
UP (é traduzido por): celluloid cylinder(eng)
TR (matéria prima/produto): celuloide(por)
TR (características do produto): cilindro sonoro(por)
UP (é traduzido por): cilindro de celuloide(spa)
UP (é traduzido por): celluloid cylinder(eng)
TR (matéria prima/produto): celuloide(por)
TR (características do produto): cilindro sonoro(por)
Definição do conceito
[ENG] celluloid; hard plastic cylinders: On March 20, 1900, Thomas B. Lambert was granted a US patent (645,920) that described a process for mass-producing cylinders made from celluloid, an early hard plastic. (Henri Jules Lioret [fr] of France was producing celluloid cylinders as early as 1893, but they were individually recorded rather than molded.) That same year, the Lambert Company of Chicago began selling cylinder records made of the material. They would not break if dropped and could be played thousands of times without wearing out, although the choice of the bright pink color of early cylinders was arguably a marketing error. The color was changed to black in 1903, but brown and blue cylinders were also produced. The coloring was purportedly because the dye reduced surface noise. Unlike wax, the hard, inflexible material could not be shaved and recorded over, but it had the advantage of being nearly permanent. | Such "indestructible" style cylinders are one of the most durable forms of sound recording produced in the entire era of analog audio media; they can withstand a greater number of playbacks before wearing out than later media such as the vinyl record or audio tape. Their only serious shortcoming is that the celluloid slowly shrinks over the years, so that if it is on a core of plaster, metal or other very unyielding material, the ever-increasing tension can ultimately cause the celluloid to split lengthwise. A typical Lambert cylinder will have shrunk by approximately 3 mm in length in the 100 years or so since its manufacture. (The actual amount is very dependent on storage conditions.) Thus the grooves will no longer be 100 per inch, and the cylinder will skip if played on a typical feed-screw-type machine. The diameter will also have shrunk and many such cylinders will no longer fit on the mandrel unless very carefully reamed to fit. Such cylinders can still be played quite satisfactorily on suitable modern equipment. The Lambert company was put out of business in 1906 due to repeated actions from Edison for patent infringement, which Lambert had not actually committed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder
===============================
