TG: material (disco sonoro)(por)
UP (variação de): disco de goma-laca(por)
TR (matéria prima/produto): goma-laca(por)
UP (variação de): disco de goma-laca(por)
TR (matéria prima/produto): goma-laca(por)
Definição do conceito
[POR] disco de goma-laca : O disco de 78 rotações (também chamado apenas de 78 rpm, ou de disco de goma-laca) é o nome utilizado para chapas - majoritariamente de cor negra e contendo um rótulo no centro chamado de selo fonográfico - fabricadas de diversos modos e empregando diversos materiais, que foram utilizadas para o armazenamento de áudio (canções, principalmente, mas também discursos e ditados e, em ínfima quantidade, efeitos sonoros e bandas sonoras de filmes) entre 1895 e meados da década de 1970, mas que já vinham caindo lentamente em desuso a partir do advento do disco de vinil, em 21 de junho de 1948. Foram inventadas por Emil Berliner, juntamente com o gramofone, em 1888. | ... | Esses discos foram fabricados de diversos materiais durante os mais de 50 anos de sua utilização. Inicialmente, foram feitos de celuloide - uma espécie de plástico - e ebonite - um produto da vulcanização da borracha - até fixarem-se diversas fórmulas que utilizavam a goma-laca como principal composto e que variavam conforme o produtor. | Desde o início da sua comercialização, em 1895, enfrentaram a concorrência do cilindro fonográfico como meio de armazenamento de áudio alternativo, mas, a partir da década de 1910, as vendas de cilindros começaram a cair drasticamente, culminando com o fim da sua utilização para armazenamento de canções em 1929. | FONTE: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco_de_78_rota%C3%A7%C3%B5es#:~:text=O%20disco%20de%2078%20rota%C3%A7%C3%B5es,para%20o%20armazenamento%20de%20%C3%A1udio
[POR] disco de goma-laca | Disco de goma-laca : Disco de áudio analógico feito à base de resina termoplástica, geralmente apresentando uma velocidade de reprodução de 78 rpm. | FONTE : CONARQ-CTDAISM. Glossário v3. p. 12, 2018. Disponível em : https://www.gov.br/conarq/pt-br/assuntos/camaras-tecnicas-setoriais-inativas/Glossario_ctdaism_v3_2018.pdf Acesso em : 03 nov. 2022
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[SPA] disco de laca : disco de laca [1] Término que se usa indistintamente con el disco de 78 rom. [2] Resina termoplástica que se usó como integrante básico en la producción de discos hasta que se sustituyó por vinilo con diferentes formulaciones, lo que hizo nacer el disco microsurco o LP. Los discos de laca podían ser de laca maciza o tener un núcleo de cartón, fibras, plástico o papel recubierto por una lámina de laca. (Basado en el Glosario RTAV (borrador 19 julio 1994). | FUENTE : IASA. Reglas de catalogación de IASA. Madrid : ANABAD, 2005. (Apéndice D. GLOSARIO) p. 238
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[ENG] shellac : Shellac. 1. A term sometimes used interchangeably with 78 rpm, to modify the term disc. 2. A thermoplastic resin used as the basic ingredient in the production of disc recordings until supplanted by various vinyl formulations with the advent of the microgroove LP disc. Shellac discs could be solid shellac stock or laminated onto a board, fibre, plastic or paper core. Based on RTAV Draft Glossary, 19 July 1994. | SOURCE : IASA Cataloguin Rules. Available at : https://www.iasa-web.org/cataloguing-rules/appendix-d-glossary Accessed : 10 sep. 2022
[ENG] shellac : Shellac 78s are fragile, and must be handled carefully. In the event of a 78 breaking, the pieces might remain loosely connected by the label and still be playable if the label holds them together, although there is a loud pop with each pass over the crack, and breaking of the stylus is likely. | Another problem with shellac was that the size of the disks tended to be larger because it was limited to 80–100 groove walls per inch before the risk of groove collapse became too high, whereas vinyl could have up to 260 groove walls per inch. | By the time World War II began, major labels were experimenting with laminated records. As stated above, and in several record advertisements of the period, the materials that make for a quiet surface (shellac) are notoriously weak and fragile. Conversely the materials that make for a strong disc (cardboard and other fiber products) are not those known for allowing a quiet noise-free surface. | SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph_record#Shellac
[ENG] shellac : Shellac disc | Synonyms : 78 (rpm), Wax record | Dates : 1897 – late 1950s | Common Size(s): 7"; 10"; 12"; 16" (diameter) | DESCRIPTION : Shellac-type is a recorded sound format that consists of a coarse-grooved disc made of shellac resin with varying components, typically clay, slate, and limestone as filler, carbon black for color, and cotton fibers for strength. Originally known as Durinoid, shellac may contain other resins, plasticizers, and hardeners. Shellac discs are most commonly one of the following sizes: 7-inch, 10-inch, 12-inch, and 16-inch. They are typically played back at the following speeds: 30 rpm, 70 rpm, and 78 rpm. Shellac is often correlated with 10" 78s. Commercially pressed 78 disc labels are visibly pressed into the shellac, whereas most vinyl and lacquer discs are glued on. | COMPOSITION : Shellac-based disc, with a variety of additional filler and additive materials. | SOURCE : PSAP - Preservation Self-Assessment Program. Title: Phonograph Record - Shellac Disc. Available https://psap.library.illinois.edu/collection-id-guide/phonodisc#lacquerdisc Accessed : 10 set. 2022
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Definição do conceito
termos / material / partes / suporte
[FRE] La gomme-laque, ou shellac au Canada, est une laque issue de la sécrétion d´une cochenille asiatique, Kerria lacca. La résine obtenue est de couleur jaune/rouge-ambrée, généralement fournie sous la forme de paillettes que l´on dissout dans de l´alcool à 95° pour en faire un vernis que l´on applique au tampon en ébénisterie et en lutherie. La gomme-laque peut aussi se dissoudre à chaud dans une solution aqueuse alcaline, en particulier en vue de fabriquer des colles ou des encres. Les industries alimentaire et pharmaceutique utilisent la gomme-laque, qui était autrefois utilisée comme plastique naturel afin de confectionner divers objets. | ... | La fusion facile de la gomme-laque, chargée ou non d´une matière améliorant sa résistance ou changeant son aspect, a permis depuis le milieu du xixe siècle la fabrication d´objets comme les peignes, les bijoux, les assiettes, les cadres pour des photos ou encore les dentiers, jusqu´à l´arrivée du plastique synthétique durant la première moitié du xxe siècle. | La gomme-laque a ainsi été à la base de l´industrie du disque 78 tours. Elle fut remplacée progressivement par les plastiques synthétiques (bakélite, puis vinyle en 1938). Toutefois, la production de disques en gomme-laque continua jusque dans les années 1950 en Occident. D´autres pays du monde poursuivirent la fabrication jusque dans les années 1970. | SOURCE: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomme-laque
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[ENG] shellac : Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes and dissolved in alcohol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze and wood finish. Shellac functions as a tough natural primer, sanding sealant, tannin-blocker, odour-blocker, stain, and high-gloss varnish. Shellac was once used in electrical applications as it possesses good insulation qualities and it seals out moisture. Phonograph and 78 rpm gramophone records were made of it until they were replaced by vinyl long-playing records from 1948 onwards. | From the time it replaced oil and wax finishes in the 19th century, shellac was one of the dominant wood finishes in the western world until it was largely replaced by nitrocellulose lacquer in the 1920s and 1930s. | SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac
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[ENG] cardboard : Cardboard is a generic term for heavy artificial paper-based products having greater paper pulp material and superior timber or other specific mechanical attributes to the cardboard; such as shavings of wood, and different types of wood. The construction can range from a thick paper known as paperboard to corrugated fiberboard which is made of multiple paper pulps and wood. | Despite widespread general use in English and French, the term cardboard is deprecated in commerce and industry as not adequately defining a specific product. Material producers, container manufacturers, packaging engineers, and standards organizations, use more specific terminology. | SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardboard
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