Mayara Pereira Neves, defendeu na última quarta-feira, día 11 de novembro, sua tese de doutorado

OMNIVOROUS FISHES IN NEOTROPICAL STREAMS: RELATIONSHIP AMONG MORPHOLOGY, CONSUMPTIONS AND ASSIMILATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COEXISTENCE OF ECOMORPHOLOGICALLY SIMILAR SPECIES

A banca examinadora esteve constituída pelos

Profa. Dra. Carla Ferreira Rezende – Universidade Federal do Ceará
Prof. Dr. Alexandre Garcia – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Prof. Dr. Edson Fontes Oliveira – Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

Orientadora:

Profa Dra Clarice Bernhardt Fialho

Coorientadores:

Profa Dra Rosilene Luciana Delariva – Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná                      Prof Dr Pavel Kratina – Queen Mary University of London

Como estudante do PPG Biologia Animal da UFRGS a Mayara publicou 12 artigos científicos

Neves, M. P., Costa‐Pereira, R., Delariva, R. L., & Fialho, C. B. (2020). Seasonality and interspecific competition shape individual niche variation in co‐occurring tetra fish in Neotropical streams. Biotropica. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12879

Kuhn, F., Neves, M. P., Bonato, K. O., & Fialho, C. B. (2020). Relationship between diet and pharyngeal jaw morphology of Crenicichla species (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in streams from Uruguay and Jacuí basins, Southern Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-00963-y

Delariva, R. L., & Neves, M. P. (2020). Morphological traits correlated with resource partitioning among small characin fish species coexisting in a Neotropical river. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 29(4), 640-653. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12540

Neves, M. P., Silva, P. C., Delariva, R. L., Fialho, C. B., & Netto-Ferreira, A. L. (2020). First record of Astyanax bifasciatus Garavello & Sampaio, 2010 (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characidae) in the Piquiri river basin, upper Paraná river basin. Check List, 16, 93. https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/47628/

Nimet, J., Neves, M. P., Viana, N. P., de Arruda Amorim, J. P., & Delariva, R. L. (2020). Histopathological alterations in gills of a fish (Astyanax bifasciatus) in Neotropical streams: negative effects of riparian forest reduction and presence of pesticides. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(1), 1-13. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-019-8030-y

Larentis, C., Baldasso, M. C., Kliemann, B. C. K., Neves, M. P., Zavaski, A. G., Sandri, L. M., … & Delariva, R. L. (2019). First record of the non‐native Xiphophorus hellerii (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), in the Iguazu River Basin, Paraná, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(5), 1164-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13965

Baldasso, M. C., Wolff, L. L., Neves, M. P., & Delariva, R. L. (2019). Ecomorphological variations and food supply drive trophic relationships in the fish fauna of a pristine neotropical stream. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 102(5), 783-800. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10641-019-00871-w

Delariva, R. L., Neves, M. P., Baumgartner, G., & Baumgartner, D. (2019). Fish fauna of the Pelotas River, Upper Uruguay River, southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 19(3). https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1676-06032019000300308&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es

Neves, M. P., Da Silva, J. C., Baumgartner, D., Baumgartner, G., & Delariva, R. L. (2018). Is resource partitioning the key? The role of intra‐interspecific variation in coexistence among five small endemic fish species (Characidae) in subtropical rivers. Journal of fish biology, 93(2), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13662

Delariva, R. L., Neves, M. P., Larentis, C., Kliemann, B. C. K., Baldasso, M. C., & Wolff, L. L. (2018). Fish fauna in forested and rural streams from an ecoregion of high endemism, lower Iguaçu River basin, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18(3). https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1676-06032018000300304&script=sci_arttext

Neves, M. P., de Arruda Amorim, J. P., & Delariva, R. L. (2018). Influence of land use on the health of a detritivorous fish (Ancistrus mullerae) endemic to the Iguassu ecoregion: relationship between agricultural land use and severe histopathological alterations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(12), 11670-11682. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-1283-0

Neves, M. P., Baumgartner, D., Baumgartner, G., & Delariva, R. L. (2018). Do environmental variables predict the trophic structure of fish fauna in a subtropical river (Uruguay River Ecoregion)?. Journal of Limnology, 77(2), 285-299. https://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/jlimnol.2018.1738

Luiz R. Malabarba, Junior Chuctaya, Alice Hirschmann, Eduardo Bitencourt de Oliveira, Andréa T. Thomaz

Abstract

Species delimitation is a permanent issue in systematics. The increasing recognition of geographically isolated populations as independent lineages allowed by new methods of analysis has inflated the species‐populations dilemma, which involves deciding whether to consider separate lineages as different species or structured genetic populations. This is commonly observed between fishes of adjacent river basins, with some lineages being considered allopatric sister species and others considered isolated populations or variants of the same species. Pseudocorynopoma doriae is a characid diagnosed from its single congener by the number of anal‐fin rays and sexually dimorphic characters of males, including distinct fin colouration. The authors found variation in the colour pattern between isolated populations previously identified as P. doriae but no variation in scale or fin‐ray counts. They analysed molecular evidence at the population level and morphological differences related to life history (e.g., colour dimorphism related to inseminating behaviour). The results provide compelling evidence for the recognition of a new species of Pseudocorynopoma despite the lack of discrete differences in meristic data. The recognition of the new species is consistent with biogeographical evidence for the long‐term isolation of the respective river drainages and with differences between the ichthyofaunal communities of these rivers.

link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.14572

FIGURE 2 Live specimens of Pseudocorynopoma, showing the colour pattern and shape of fins in a (a) mature male [UFRGS 22249, 53.6 mm standard length (SL)], (b) immature male (UFRGS 22249, 48.5 mm SL) and (c) mature female (UFRGS 22249, 50.5 mm SL) of Pseudocorynopoma doriae from the rio Uruguay/rio Negro drainages and of a (d) mature male (UFRGS 22112, 52.5 mm SL), (e) immature male (UFRGS 22112, 48.0 mm SL) and (f) mature female (UFRGS 22112, 52.1 mm SL) of Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi from the laguna dos Patos drainage. All specimens represented in scale

FIGURE 7 Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi, holotype. UFRGS 27600, 60.96 mm standard length, male. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Marques de Souza; arroio Tamanduá

FIGURE 5 Haplotypic network for the populations in Pseudocorynopoma doriae inferred based on mtDNA demonstrating the strong genetic structure observed between the two putative species (depicted as cold and warm colours). Each coloured circle indicates a haplotype, with colours indicating the population and size the frequency. Black line ticks indicate the number of mutational steps, and black circles indicate the missing or unsampled steps

Mateus S Souza, Andréa T Thomaz, Nelson J R Fagundes

Abstract

A headwater or river capture is a phenomenon commonly invoked to explain the absence of reciprocal monophyly of genetic lineages among isolated hydrographic basins in freshwater fish. Under the assumption of river capture, a secondary contact between populations previously isolated in different basins explains the observed genetic pattern. However, the absence of reciprocal monophyly could also arise under population isolation through the retention of ancestral of polymorphisms. Here, we applied an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework for estimating the relative probability of scenarios with and without secondary contact. We used Cnesterodon decemmaculatus as a study model because of the multiple possible cases of river capture and the demographic parameters estimated in a previous mitochondrial DNA study that are useful for simulating scenarios to test both hypotheses using the ABC framework. Our results showed that, in general, mitochondrial DNA is useful for distinguishing between these alternative demographic scenarios with reasonable confidence, but in extreme cases (e.g. recent divergence or large population size) there is no power to discriminate between scenarios. Testing hypotheses of drainage rearrangement under a statistically rigorous framework is fundamental for understanding the evolution of freshwater fish fauna as a complement to, or in the absence of, geological evidence.

Figure 1. A, sampling sites for Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. The inset shows the location of the study area (highlighted in a red square) in South America. Grey lines indicate country borders, and areas in different colours indicate different basins (blue, Southern; coral, Merín; green, Uruguay; grey, Negro). Haplotypes found in each sampling site (dots) are indicated. B, median-joining network for ND2 haplotypes. The size of the circles is proportional to haplotype frequency. Ticks on haplotype connections indicate the number of mutational steps. Original artwork based on the data from Ramos-Fregonezi et al. 2017.

Figure 2. Coalescent demographic scenarios. A, DIVISO (divergence and isolation). B, SECCON (secondary contact). C,
SECCONinv (secondary contact with inverted direction of gene flow). D, SECCONrgf (secondary contact with reciprocal gene flow). Abbreviations: Anc Pop, ancestral population; Mig1 and Mig2, migration parameters; Pop 1 and Pop 2, populations 1 and 2 (U-N: Pop 1, Uruguay and Pop 2, Negro; N-M: Pop 1, Merín and Pop 2, Negro; N-S: Pop 1, Negro and Pop 2, Southern; U-S: Pop 1, Southern and Pop 2, Uruguay); T0, present time; Td, time since divergence; Tsc, time since secondary contact. Migration parameters are represented backwards in time (e.g. Mig1 in scenario B represents the proportion of genetic lineages in Pop 1 that return to Pop 2 in Tsc).

Clayton Kunio Fukakusa

Abstract

All fishes in the tribe Glandulocaudini have hypertrophied tissue with club cells in the caudal fin (the caudal organ). Because this structure is present only in adult males, it is hypothesized that these cells secrete a reproduction-related pheromone. The hypothesis that the caudal organ releases chemicals that attract females is tested in Mimagoniates inequalis. In a Y-maze and an aquarium, females were attracted to a caudal organ extract and to water that was conditioned with caudal organ-bearing males, respectively, but not to caudal-fin lobe extract or water conditioned with males from which the caudal organs were removed (control stimuli). In tests with male-female pairs, there were no differences in the responses to caudal organ extract and male caudal organ-conditioned water, but the responses to both stimuli differed in relation to the controls. Male-female pairs engaged in fewer courtship events and more agonistic interactions than they did without chemical stimuli and with control stimuli. These results provide evidence for a possible pheromonal system in M. inequalis. The caudal organ is a specialized secretory structure that produces a chemical signal that attracts females and increases the aggressiveness of males.

Link: https://www.pfeil-verlag.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IEF-1127-www.pdf

Fig. 1. Caudal fin of Mimagoniates inequalis: a, UFRGS 19190, adult male, 34 mm SL, arrow points to caudal organ.

Fig. 1. Caudal fin of Mimagoniates inequalis:  b, osteology of caudal skeleton and caudal-fin squamation (lower left inset), side view. Highlighted are the regions removed for extract production. Caudal rays region (CL, ). Caudal organ region (CO, ). Modified from Menezes & Weitzman (2009).

DARIO R. FAUSTINO-FUSTER, HERNÁN ORTEGA

Abstract

Mastiglanis is a genus of heptapterid catfish represented by two valid species. These freshwater species are widely distributed along the Amazon, Orinoco, and Maroni River basins. However, a taxonomic review of specimens collected in the Putumayo and Nanay rivers, Amazon River basin in Peru revealed a new species of Mastiglanis. A morphological analysis was completed for morphometric (36 measurements) and meristic (20 counts) data. Osteological counts and descriptions were made from clear and stained specimens and x-rays images. The new species of Mastiglanis differs from M. asopos and M. durantoni by having a long pelvic fin, short snout, eight branched anal-fin rays, and a higher number of vertebrae and gill rakers. The distribution of the new species is restricted to the upper Amazon River basin.

link: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4820.2.6

Figure 2. Dorsal view of cranium of Mastiglanis yaguas, paratype, MUSM 61686, 42.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: af = anterior fontanel; ap = autopalatine; ep = epioccipital; ex = exoccipital; fr = frontal; le = lateral ethmoid; mx = maxilla; na = nasal; pf = posterior fontanel; pm = premaxilla; pt = pterotic; soc = supraoccipital; sp = sphenotic; tp4a = anterior branch of transverse process of vertebra 4; tp4b = posterior branch of transverse process of vertebra 4; tp5 = transverse process of vertebra 5 . Arrow = symphysial region of premaxilla.

Figure 1. Mastiglanis yaguas, new species, MUSM 66612, holotype, 49.1 mm SL, (A) Lateral view of right side (image flipped), (B) Dorsal view, (C) Ventral view. Bar = 1 cm.

Mayara Pereira Neves , Raul Costa‐Pereira, Rosilene Luciana Delariva, Clarice Bernhardt Fialho

The drivers of intraspecific niche variation and its effects on species interactions are
still unclear, especially in species-rich Neotropical environments. Here, we investigated
how ecological opportunity and interspecific competition affect the degree
of individual trophic specialization and the population niche breadth in tetra fish.
We studied the four ecologically similar species (Psalidodon aff. gymnodontus, P. aff.
paranae, P. bifasciatus, and Bryconamericus ikaa) in subtropical headwater streams
(three sites with two co-occurring species and three sites with only one species). We
sampled fish in two contrasting seasons (winter/dry and summer/wet) and quantified
their trophic niches using gut content analysis. Psalidodon bifasciatus was the
only species distributed over all the sampled streams. We observed seasonal differences
in population trophic niche breadth of P. bifasciatus just when this species
co-occurred with P. aff. gymnodontus. These findings confirm the complex nature of
the effects of interspecific competition, depending, for instance, on the identity of
the competitor. The degree of individual specialization of P. bifasciatus was higher in
the winter, and it was not influenced by the presence of another species. Conversely,
the other two Psalidodon species studied presented greater individual specialization
in the summer, when fish consumed a higher proportion of allochthonous items (terrestrial
insects and seeds), and there were no effects only for B. ikaa. Herein, our
results suggest that seasonality in food-resource availability is a major driver of niche
variation and it has the potential to play an important role in how these similar tetra
species interact and coexist.

link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.12879

F I G U R E 1 Species studied: (a) Psalidodon aff. gymnodontus (UFRGS 25,725, 95.4 mm SL); (b) Psalidodon aff.
paranae (UFRGS 26,232, 48.0 mm LS); (c) Psalidodon bifasciatus (UFRGS 26,235, 85.0 mm SL); and (d) Bryconamericus ikaa (UFRGS 26,246, 49.0 mm SL)

F I G U R E 2 (a) Boxplot of population trophic niche breadth (estimated as distance to centroid, PERMDISP) of P. bifasciatus (Pbi) in streams with co-occurring characid species (S1, S2, and S3) and in allopatry (S4, S5, and S6). B) Population trophic niche breadth of three characid fish species (Pag = P. aff. gymnodontus; Pap = P. aff. paranae) in co-occurrence with P. bifasciatus collected during the winter and summer seasons. Box lower and upper endpoints represent the 25th and 75th quartiles, respectively. The horizontal bar inside each box represents median diet breadth

Felipe Lamarca, Pedro Hollanda Carvalho,  Anderson Vilasboa,  Andre Luiz Netto-Ferreira &  Marcelo Vianna

Abstract

Multiple paternity behavior (MP) has been recorded for seven elasmobranch orders. It remains unclear how this common behavior evolved and whether it occurs in all elasmobranchs or in certain lineages. Although MP may provide genetic benefits, elasmobranchs display an aggressive courtship behavior and females may become severely wounded, making multiple mating costly. Females can perform multiple matings to avoid excessive harassment in males (polyandry by convenience hypothesis). Studies challenge this hypothesis, suggesting that females are often able to avoid mating attempts by inappropriate males and copulate with several potential. In this study, an scientiometric analysis was performed concerning elasmobranch species presenting MP records, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the complex sexual behavior in this group. The results indicate that MP behavior is widespread in the subclass, suggesting that it may have been originated in the common ancestor of elasmobranchs (plesiomorphic state). The data indicate a knowledge gap regarding the detection of MP in other elasmobranch orders and we suggest that investigative studies on the neglected elasmobranch and chimaera orders are required.

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10641-020-01034-y#:~:text=Multiple%20paternity%20is%20registered%20to,a%20plesiomorphic%20trait%20in%20Elasmobranchs.

Parsimony analysis for the reconstruction of the ancestral character state. The hypothesis is based on the 37 reports of MP for 13 Elasmobranch families. Branches in black indicate that MP is recorded for at least one species of the family

Elizabeth Kathleen de Queiroz Rodrigues and Andre L. Netto-Ferreira

RESUMO

Uma nova espécie de Odontocharacidium é descrita para a bacia do alto rio Orinoco, na Venezuela. A nova espécie se distingue da sua única congênere, Odontocharacidium aphanes, pela presença: do antorbital, do ramo parietal do canal látero-sensorial supraorbital, do pós-cleitro 1, de barras conspícuas estendendo-se ventralmente à porção média do corpo e de duas manchas escuras e arredondadas na margem distal do pedúnculo caudal. Com o reconhecimento de uma espécie adicional de Odontocharacidium, são discutidos os caracteres diagnósticos do gênero e a variação no número de dentes maxilares nos espécimes.

Link: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252020000200210&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

FIGURE 1 | Odontocharacidium varii, new species, A. Holotype, MHNLS 26156, 14.7 mm SL, Venezuela, Río Negro Municipality, Río Orinoco; Paratype, USNM 270149, 14.3 mm SL, Venezuela, Río Negro Municipality, Río Orinoco. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 | Map of geographical distribution of Odontocharacidium varii (circles). Type-locality represented by the same symbol in white color.

Carolina Santos Vieira, defendeu no última sexta-feira, día 26 de junho, sua tese de doutorado

Diversificação dos caracteres sexuais secundários e suas implicações filogenéticas em Aphyocharacinae (Characidae: Characiformes)

A banca esteve constituída pelos

Dr. Fernando Jerep– UEL

Dr. Renan Maestri– UFRGS

Dr. Marco Aurélio Azevedo– Fundação Zoobotánica

Orientada pelo Prof. Dr. Luiz Roberto Malabarba, com coorientação da Dra. Priscilla Caroline Silva.

Parte importante desta pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o período de doutorado sanduíche na Instituição Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates sob a supervisão do Prof. Dr. Casey Dillman.